1. Question of the Day What do you like to do in your spare time? Why? Homework: Review all sections

2. American Leisure Time As the 19 th century came to a close, many Americans began to have more time on their hands due to new inventions and techniques in industry. With this, and the desire to fight off city congestion and dull industrial work, many Americans began to indulge in new leisure activities.

3. Amusement Parks To meet the needs of their growing populations, many cities set aside natural space, or parks, for outdoor enjoyment. Some consisted of playing fields, picnic areas, and small playgrounds, while others, like Coney Island, New York, had roller coasters and prize games.

4. Bicycling The first modern bicycle was created in France in the 1860s and, because of its solid rubber tires, the sport was regulated as a male only endeavor. In 1885, air-filled tires were introduced, which made riding safer and more enjoyable for women.

5. Tennis This sport originated in North Wales in 1873 and was brought to the US a year later. It was first taken on by America’s social elite and trickled down ever since.

6. New Snacks  Hershey chocolate bars were first sold in 1900.  Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 as a cure for head-aches, but then became one of America’s top soft drinks.

7. Spectator Sports Americans not only participated in sports, like tennis, but also became avid fans of certain spectator sports, especially boxing and baseball. Many fans who could not attend the game would jam local establishments that would receive telegraph messages of the contests’ highlights.

8. Baseball Baseball was created in the early 1800s and new rules eventually transformed it into a professional sport. The first club was organized in 1845 in New York and, in five years, 50 clubs had sprung up in the US, with 12 in New York alone. In 1869, many of these teams began to travel for games. The first World Series was in 1903. Because blacks were excluded from all white teams, the Negro Leagues were started in the late 1800s.

9. Other Forms of Entertainment  Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show  Chautauqua Circuit  Vaudeville  Motion Pictures (Nickelodeons)

10. Mass Circulation Newspapers With the rise in the literacy rate and new techniques in mass production printing, newspaper companies looked to sensationalized headlines to grab more readers' attention. Some papers did not always use the full truth and many exaggerated statistics and viewpoints to get ahead of the competition.

11. Joseph Pulitzer He was a Hungarian immigrant who bought the New York World newspaper in 1883. He pioneered popular innovations like larger Sunday editions, comic strips, sports coverage, and women’s news. Many of his paper’s stories emphasized “sin, sex, and sensation” to sell more copies.

12. William Randolph Hearst Main competitor of Pulitzer, who bought the New York Morning Journal in 1895. Already the owner of the San Francisco Examiner, Hearst looked for outrageous news to beat out Pulitzer. He filled his papers with tales of personal scandal, cruelty, hypnotism, and even an imaginary conquest of Mars.

13. Thomas Eakins An American artist who painted in realism form, an artistic form that attempted to portray life as it really lived. He used geometric shapes to aid in his portrayals. In the 1880s, he expanded his skill with photography.

14. Ashcan School An early 20 th century American art school, it was created by one of Eakins’s students named Robert Henri. The school taught students the realism form of art and produced works of urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills.

15. Mark Twain Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, he was an American novelist and humorist who liked to mock and bring to light the unusual and peculiar activities that Americans would make to meet the demand of the modern world. Many of his works, such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, depicted the toils of real life in certain areas of the country.

16. Urban Shopping  The first department store was opened in 1858 by Rowland H. Macy  Retail shopping districts formed where mass transit could easily bring shoppers from outside areas  Chain stores sold products for less by buying in quantity and limiting personal service

17. Advertising Advertising increased from under $10 million in 1865 to $95 million by 1900. Newspapers and magazines began to run ads and gained huge profits. Advertisers would use everything from billboards and barns to houses and even rocks.

18. Catalogs Stores, like Montgomery Ward and Sears, began to send catalogs to rural towns. In 1872, Ward’s catalog started as a one page pamphlet and grew to a booklet with ordering instructions in ten different languages. By 1910, 10 million Americans shopped by mail.

19. Rural Free Delivery (RFD) To help boost mail-order businesses, the US Post Office introduced RFD in 1896. This was a free package and mail service that came directly to a buyer’s home.

20. Conspicuous Consumerism The purchasing of goods and services for the purpose of impressing others. Mass culture, or a similar cultural pattern in society as a result of improved transportation, communication, and advertising, increased this need.