1. The of

2. Is this what we are talking about??

3. Quiz Organic: With BOTH Carbon and Hydrogen Example: Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) Proteins (hormones, enzymes, antibodies, tissues) Lipids (Fats and Oils) Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) Inorganic: Not both Carbon AND Hydrogen (may have one) Example: Water Carbon Dioxide Oxygen

4. THE MOST IMPORTANT INORGANIC MOLECULE???

5. Water Most important inorganic substance for living things High Cohesion: attach to self High Adhesion: attach to other things Draw it

6. 6 Unique Properties of H 2 O 1.Universal Solvent 2.High Surface Tension 3.Capillary Action 4.Resistance to Temperature Change 5.High Heat of Vaporization 6.Freezing Density

7. Universal Solvent ability to dissolve other substances Cl - Water Cl - Na + Water Na +

8. High Surface Tension difficult to break surface

9. Capillary Action Move up against gravity

10. Resistance to Temperature Change

11. High Heat of Vaporization A lot of energy is needed to turn liquid water into gaseous water

12. Freezing Density Solid water is LESS dense than liquid water

13. Freezing

14. Freezing

15. = LARGE Molecules Formed by the LIFE process of SYNTHESIS Opposite  HYDROLYSIS – to break (digest) The small compounds are called: The large compounds formed from synthesis are called:

16. Carbohydrates Sugars and starches Lipids Fats and Oils Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA Proteins

17. What are we talking about? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

18. Let’s begin with Compounds made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms: – ratio of 1:2:1 Used for mostly Energy!

19. Sugar (Glucose) molecule = Starch POLYMER/ LARGE MOLECULE Monomer/ building block

20. Big and Small Practice THEN X and Y are???

21. Building Blocks (monomer) of CARBS Sugars!! (simple) Build sugars together to get STARCHES Sugars are ____________ Starches are ___________

22. Simple sugars (Monosaccharides) Function: Quick EnergyFunction: Quick Energy Look like a hexagon!!!!!Look like a hexagon!!!!! OSE ending!!!OSE ending!!! oEX: glucose

23. Double sugars (Disaccharides) Look like 2 hexagons connectedLook like 2 hexagons connected

24. STARCH - Polysaccharides Function: ENERGY STORAGEFunction: ENERGY STORAGE Look like a train of hexagons!!!! LARGE MOLECULESLook like a train of hexagons!!!! LARGE MOLECULESEXAMPLES Glycogen - animal STARCHGlycogen - animal STARCH Cellulose – plant STARCH, indigestible in humans - forms cell wallsCellulose – plant STARCH, indigestible in humans - forms cell walls

25. Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) Ratio of …Way more H’s than O’s

27. Fats are found mostly in… Oils and Waxes are found mostly in…

28. BUILDING BLOCKS (monomers) of lipids 3 Fatty Acids 1 glycerol MAKES A CAPITAL E, M, W, or 3

29. Function of Lipids STORE ENERGY (most per gram) Insulation/Protection

30. Glycerol Fatty Acid The fatty acids contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. There is at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid

31. Saturated Fats (lipids) Solid at room temperature Classified as fats in animals Example: cholesterol Saturated fats are commonly found in dairy products…milk and cheese

32. Unsaturated Lipids Liquid at room temperature Classified as oil in plants Example: vegetable oil, olive oil…

33. Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHO N ) Monomer or Building Block= Polymer = Examples: Tissues, Hair, Fingernails, Muscles, Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, cell receptors, etc!!!!

34. Big and Small Practice THEN X and Y are???

35. Amino Acids…the BUILDING BLOCKS (monomer) of Proteins

36. The Function of Proteins… 1. GROWTH and REPAIR!! Examples:  THEY ARE SPECIFIC!!!!!! 2. ENZYMES - Control the rate of reactions…!! ASE ending!!!! 3.Hormones - Regulate cell processes 4. Antibodies - Help fight disease 5. Cell Receptors – Cell communication

38. Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) DNA/RNA contain: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (CHONP) The BUILDING BLOCK (monomer) known as a bonds together to form the polymer,

39. Nucleotide 5- carbon sugar (DEOXYRIBOSE or RIBOSE) Nitrogenous BASE Phosphate group

40. DNA and RNA –Storing and transmitting hereditary (genetic information) –CONTROL the production of PROTEIN Which proteins are made!!!!!!!

41. REAL LIFE –Can you tongue roll? What is some other information that is stored in DNA or RNA??? Guess what! Tongue rolling is genetic and determined by your DNA!!!!

42. DNARNA SUGAR BASES STRANDS Location

43. Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living Things Biological Molecule and Structure ShapeElements Present Uses by Living Things Building Block (Monomer) & Polymer Example Carbohydrates Monomer: Polymer: Lipids N/A Proteins Monomer: Polymer: Nucleic Acids Monomer: Polymer:

44. Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living Things Biological Molecule and Structure ShapeElements Present Uses by Living Things Building Block (Monomer) & Polymer Example Carbohydrates Monomer: Polymer: Lipids N/A Proteins Monomer: Polymer: Nucleic Acids Monomer: Polymer:

45. Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living Things Biological Molecule and Structure Common Name Elements Present Uses by Living Things Building Block (Monomer) & Polymer Example Carbohydrates Monomer: Polymer: Lipids N/A Proteins Monomer: Polymer: Nucleic Acids Monomer: Polymer:

46. Carbon Compounds include that consist of which contain that consist of which contain CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic acidsProteins Sugars and starches Fats and oilsNucleotidesAmino Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,

47. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

48. What do they do? What are they? They are proteins AKA Biological Catalysts!!! Control the rate of the chemical reactions

49. Chemical Reaction: a process that changes one set of chemicals into another Start with Reactants End with products Iron + oxygeniron oxide

50. How do Enzymes do their JOB? Substrates: reactant Enzyme Substrate Complex – Reactant and enzyme together Enzyme – unchanged during and after reaction!!!! Product – The result of the reaction

51. Enzyme practice THEN X and Y are??? Z is?

52. Draw enzyme and substrate

53. The lock and Key model Lock and key Explain how Lock and Key is a good example how enzymes work.

54. Enzymes… Are very SPECIFIC Specific shape that gives their specific function End in ASE Examples: –Lipase –Protease –Maltase –Sucrase

55. http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/genobc/ani mations/enzyme.movhttp://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/genobc/ani mations/enzyme.mov Animation of Enzyme Action

56. Factors that Affect Enzymes Temperature What temperature do you think enzymes work best in the body? pH What pH values do you think enzymes work best in the body? *** TOO HIGH TEMPERATURE  ENZYMES __________________________

57. Enzyme graphs LABEL the OPTIMAL (best) Temp or pH on the graph

58. The pH scale Measures the amount of H+ ions in a solution (how acidic or basic) Low pH (0-7)  Acidic pH 7  Neutral High pH (7-14)  Basic