2. Question: What must occur first in order for DNA to replicate? a.Helicase must break hydrogen bonds and split DNA b.Polymerase pairs missing nucleotides to one strand of DNA c.The cell must enter mitosis

3. Question: What determines the differences between organisms? a.The amount of DNA an organism contains b.The sequence of the nitrogen bases in the organism

4.  The Genetic Code is common to all organism  The Nitrogen bases make up the code (A,T,C,G)  The sequence or order of the nitrogen bases is what make organisms different

5. 55 How does DNA code for a protein? Step 1: Transcription Transcription Creation of RNA from DNA Creation of RNA from DNA Occurs in the Nucleus Occurs in the Nucleus

6. 55 How does DNA code for a protein? Step 1: Transcription Transcription Creation of RNA from DNA Creation of RNA from DNA Occurs in the Nucleus Occurs in the Nucleus What is RNA? RNA is a single strand Nucleic Acid RNA is a single strand Nucleic Acid  RNA is made of… 1.Ribose Sugar 2.A, G, C, and Uracil

7. 55 How does DNA code for a protein? Step 1: Transcription Transcription Creation of RNA from DNA Creation of RNA from DNA Occurs in the Nucleus Occurs in the Nucleus What is RNA? RNA is a single strand Nucleic Acid RNA is a single strand Nucleic Acid  RNA is made of… 1.Ribose Sugar 2.A, G, C, and Uracil Create the RNA strand which will be made from the DNA below… DNA: A T G C T T A G C T G RNA:

8. QUICK RESPONSE Write the matching RNA base under each DNA base. Write the matching RNA base under each DNA base. DNA….. A T C G T A T G G A A C T DNA….. A T C G T A T G G A A C T  RNA….. U A G C A U A C C U U G A DNA i Transcription

9. RNA Paper Clip Activity  Remember our DNA Replication activity with the paper clips?  How would it be different if we were to simulate transcription/protein synthesis? How would it be the same?  As we work through the exploration, connect to prior experience

11. T-Wolf Biology Pre-Game Question: Which process is taking place below? a.DNA Replication b.Transcription

12. 56 How does DNA code for a protein? Step 2: Translation Translation Creation of a Protein from mRNA ‘codons’ Creation of a Protein from mRNA ‘codons’ Occurs on the ribosomes Occurs on the ribosomes

13. 56 How does DNA code for a protein? Step 2: Translation Translation Creation of a Protein from mRNA ‘codons’ Creation of a Protein from mRNA ‘codons’ Occurs on the ribosomes Occurs on the ribosomes What is a codon? A codon is a group of 3 bases on mRNA A codon is a group of 3 bases on mRNA ACGCAAAUCACUUAG

14. T-Wolf Biology Pre-Game Question: Scientists construct models to show how RNA is involved in the process of translation. What do these models show? a.Amino Acids being joined to form a protein b.DNA making RNA c.DNA making a copy of itself

15. 56 DNA mRNA (codons) tRNA Amino Acid TAC GGG AGC CCG CTA TTC GTG CCA AAA ACT AUG CCC UCG GGC GAU AAG CAC GGU UUU UGA UAC GGG AGC CCG CUA UUC GUG CCA AAA ACU Met—Pro—Ser—Gly—Asp—Lys—His—Gly—Phe--STOP DNA mRNA (codons) tRNA Amino Acid DNA mRNA (codons) tRNA Amino Acid

16. T-Wolf Biology Pre-Game Question: Which of the following organic molecules is able to replicate? a. Proteins b. Lipids c. Carbohydrates d. Nucleic Acids

18. Answer: D The Production of the protein will be stopped Why: UAG does not code for an amino acid, instead UAG tells the process of translation to STOP.

19. Answer: C. The sequence of nitrogen bases Why: The order or sequence of bases (A, T, C, and G) make up the code for creating proteins in organisms

20. Answer: A Gene expression is a regulated process Why: Not every cell makes the same genes. Factors control which gene is made.

21. Answer: C. Messenger RNA Why: Uracil is present in the new molecule, this tells me it is RNA.

22. Answer: A. GTT Why: GCT will make RNA: CGA and Arginine GTT will make RNA: CAA and Glutamine

23. Answer: B. Share a Genetic Code Why: All organisms share the genetic code (A, T, C, G)

24. Answer: D. He cannot predict since cytosine is not the complementary base of thymine. Why: There will be 25,000 adenines because A bonds with T, but we do not know how many cytosine’s there will be.

25. Answer: B. Ribose sugar Why: DNA is made of Deoxyribose sugar.

26. Answer: B. TTAGCG Why: A binds with T, and C binds with G in DNA.

27. Answer: D. A change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases Why: A mutation is a single change in the bases of DNA.