1. European History Review Chronological Presentation

2. 15 th Century – 1450-1500 1422-1461 Charles VII revives France 1434-1494 Medici family in Florence 1454 Gutenberg invents moveable type 1450s early humanists/renaissance begins 1469 Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand 1494 Charles VIII invades Italy

3. 16 th Century 1500-1550 1500-1530 High Renaissance period 1506 Pope Julius beautifies St Peter’s 1513 Machiavelli’s The Prince 1516 Eramus’s Greek New Testament 1517 Martin Luther’s 95 Theses 1521 Diet of Worms 1521 Hapsburg Valois Wars 1525 Swabian Peasant Revolt 1527 Henry VIII wants Clement VII to annul his marriage 1533-1584 Reign of Ivan the Terrible 1541 John Calvin’s Genevan Catechism

4. 16 th Century 1550-1600 1553-1558 Reign of Mary Tudor 1555 Peace of Augsburg 1558-1603 Reign of Elizabeth I 1545-1563 Council of Trent 1560-1650 European Witch Hunts 1560-1600 price inflation 1568-1578 Civil War in Netherlands 1572 Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1587 Mary Queen of Scots beheaded 1588 Spanish Armada defeated 1598 Edict of Nantes Issued

5. 17 th Century 1600-1650 1603-1688 Stuart’s rule England 1598-1610 Henry IV in France 1610-1643 Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu 1611 King James bible published 1618-1648 Thirty Years’ War 1640-1688 Frederick William the “Great Elector” in Prussia 1642-1649 English Civil War 1643-1715 Louis XIV reign

6. 17 th Century 1650-1700 1653-1658 Oliver Cromwell rules England 1680 -1750 Construction of Baroque style Palaces 1665-1683 Mercantilist policies of John Baptiste Colbert 1682-1725 reign of Peter the Great in Russia 1685 Edict of Nantes revoked 1687 Newton’s Principia and law of gravity 1688-89 Glorious Revolution in England

7. 18 th Century 1700-1750 1690-1780 considered “Enlightenment” 1700s Locke, Voltaire, others publish 1701-1713 War of Spanish Succession 1720-1780 Rococo style art/decoration 1740-1748 War of Austrian Succession 1740 -1780 Madame Geoffrin holds salons

8. 18 th Century 1750-1800 1740-1786 Frederick the Great 1750-1790 Enlightened Despots 1751-1765 Diderot and d’Alembert publish Encyclopedia 1756-1763 Seven Years’ War 1760-1815 England’s Enclosure Acts 1762 Rousseau’s Social Contract 1765 Hargreaves invents spinning Jenny 1769 Watt invents steam engine 1776 Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations 1700s was height of the slave trade 1789-1799 French Revolution

9. 19 th Century 1800-1850 1799-1815 Napoleonic Era 1790s-1840 Romanticism 1815 Congress of Vienna 1819 Carlsbad Decrees by Metternich 1830 Greece wins independence 1830 Stephenson Rocket invented 1832 first Reform Bill in England 1830-40s Chartist demonstrations 1830s French socialists like Louis Blanc 1845-1851 Irish Potato Famine 1848 Marx and Engels The Communist Manifesto 1848 Revolutions: France, Austria, Prussia, etc.

10. 19 th Century 1850-1900 1850-1875 development of germ theory 1852-1871 reign of Napoleon III 1859-1871 Unification of Italy 1859 Darwin’s On the Origins of Species 1855 Alexander II liberator in Russia 1862 Bismarck appointed head minister 1866 Austro/Prussian War 1870-71 Franco/Prussian War 1878 Congress of Berlin 1884 Conference of Berlin

11. 20 th Century 1900-1950 1905 “Bloody Sunday” in St. Petersburg 1914 Assassination-Archduke Ferdinand 1914-1918 WWI 1917 Russian Revolution 1920s Existentialism 1922 Mussolini’s march on Rome 1924 Dawes Plan 1927 Stalin replaces Lenin 1929 Stock Market Crash 1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor 1939-1945 WWII 1945 Conferences: Yalta, Potsdam 1947 Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

12. 20 th Century 1950-2000 1948-49 Berlin Blockade and Airlift 1949 NATO formed 1953-64 Destalinization under Krushchev 1955 Warsaw Pact 1956 Boris Paternak’s Dr. Zhivago 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis 1968 Soviet Union Invade Czechoslovakia 1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes PM 1985 “Glasnost” under Gorbachev in Russia 1989 Solidarity and Lech Walesa gain power 1989 Collapse of Berlin Wall 1993 Creation of European union 2002 Euro currency become official