1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND URBANIZATION Lia Rodriguez, Suman Kandel, and Jeyein Cepillo

2. Origin - The first industrial revolution began in Britain in the 1700s -Second in the US (1860s)

3. What is it ? -A period in which agrarian rural societies in America became further industrialized -Known as the Second Industrial Revolution (technological revolution)

4. Limited Liability - Limited liability bank: A stockholder could only lose his/her original investment in the bank's common stock - Attracted shareholders because of reduced risk - Were able to mobilize impressive resources for investment in big industrial companies.

5. Rockefeller (Oil) -1865 Rockefeller bought out partnered oil companies -1870 Established standard oil - Became a monopoly - Made him a target for the media

6. Vanderbilt (Railroads) -1860s, he shifted his focus to the railroad industry -Was one of the country’s largest steamship operators -Built another empire -helped make railroad transportation more efficient

7. Bessemer Steel Process -The first method discovered for mass-producing - Volume of low-cost steel in Britain and the United States soon revolutionized building construction.

8. Carnegie Steel -1870’s founded first company - 1892 formed Carnegie Steel Company - 1892 labor strike at homestead, Pennsylvania

9. Thomas Edison ● Born in 1847 ● Businessman and inventor ● The electrographic vote recorder ● Phonograph ● Electric Light bulb

10. Electric light Bulb ● Did not invent it ● Created one that lasted longer time ● Invented electric utility system

11. Alexander Graham Bell ● Born in 1847 ● Worked with Thomas Watson ● Invented telephone ● March 10, 1876 ● “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you!”

12. Wright Brothers ● Wilbur Wright (1867) ● Orville Wright (1871) ● First Airplane 1. 1903 2. Lasted for 12 seconds and covered 12 seconds

13. Henry Ford ● Born in 1863 ● Ford Model T (1903) ● Ford Motor Company ● Assembly-line Manufacturing

14. Assembly-Line Manufacturing -To lower the cost of the Model T Car, Ford had to increase productivity -Thus, 29 men were separated into 29 different functions

15. Waterwheels -A Source of Energy that Stimulated Production -Utilized an abundant natural resource -Forced Factories to be built along riverbeds

16. Steam Engine

17. Laissez-Faire Capitalism and Special Considerations -“Hands off Economy” -No Government Interference -Separation of the Economy and the State

18. The Increasing Labor Supply (From Immigration and Migration from Farms) -Transition to Industry (1860s) -Incorporated Immigrants into the Work Force -Due to High demand, Immigrant Migration flourished toward Job Opportunities

19. Working Conditions -Employers could set low wages -14-16 hour work periods -Women received 1/3 the pay of their male counterparts -Child Labor -Safety issues

20. America’s Possession of a Wealth of Natural Resources and Navigable Rivers -Abundance of steel, timber, water, Coal, Iron, Ore, and Oil -The Mississippi river was highly utilized -Chesapeake bay

21. Major Influences of the Industrial Revolution -Lifestyles changed in respect to Industrial Job Opportunities -Influenced Migration patters, allotment of Natural Resources, and Everyday Life

22. Class Activity (7 Minutes to Complete Assignment)

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