1. Clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. CLAUSE It is a bird. s v It flies away from one tree to another tree. s v The girl who wears the pink dress is my sister. S v She……happy. University that I will take ……………..Esa Unggul. TEST!

2. TENSES PASTPRESENTFUTURE I was a baby. I crawled. I am a teen. I go to school. I will be an adult. I will get married. Simple past tense Past progressive/continuous Past perfect Past perfect progressive Simple present tense Present progressive Present perfect Present perfect progressive Simple future tense Present progressive Future perfect Future perfect progressive

3. Simple Present 1.Fact/ general truth 2.Habit Adverb of time: every day/week/month/year/etc 1. Be (is/am/are) John is a student. He is very happy. They are students. They are happy. She/he/itis Iam You/they/weare 2. Verb They are not sad. (aren’t) She/he/it -s-es (for verb ending -o, -ch,-sh,- s,-x) -ies (for verb ending –y and preceded by consonant letter) He wakes up every morning. (wake)He goes to school every day. (go)He tries hard every week. (try) She eats a burger every day. (eat)He watches TV every night. (watch) A baby cries every night. (cry) She plays PS 2 every night. (play)She mixes the cake. (mix)The bird flies away. (fly) He doesn’t wake up every morning.He doesn’t go to school every day.He doesn’t try hard every week. Does he wake up every morning?Does he go to school every day?Does he try hard every week? Positive Sentence Negative Sentence Interrogative Sentence does

4. 2. Verb I/you/they/we No –s/-es/-ies for the verb do Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence I wake up every morning.We do not drink juice every day.Do they speak Japanese every day? TEST! He…………his car every Sunday morning. a. wash b. washes c. is washing d. washed I………..some fish every morning. a. buysb. don’t buy c. is buying d. doesn’t buy

5. Present Progressive Activity in progressAdverb of time: Right now/now Be (is/am/are) + Verb-ing John is going to school now. They are walking around together now. She/he/itis Iam You/they/weare TEST! Peter……………………..noodle right now. a. eatsb. eatc. is eatingd. are eating Samantha and Dave………………… football now. a. is playingb. are playingc. playd. played

6. Simple Past Activity began and ended in the past Adverb of time: Yesterday, last week/month/year, one minute ago/etc. 1. Be (was/were) John was a student.They were happy. She/he/it/Iwas You/they/wewere 2. Verb She/he/it/I/you/they/we Simple past form (verb 2) did Regular form (-d/-ed/-ied) Irregular form watched loved tried (try) go - went Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence I woke up every morning.We did not drink juice every day.Did they speak Japanese every day?

7. Simple form Simple past Present participle becomebecamebecome bitebitbitten gowentgone buybought eatateeaten Regular Verb Irregular Verb Simple form Simple past Present participle hopehoped studystudied Find the other irregular verbs!

8. Past Progressive Activity in progress in past time Be (was/were) + Verb-ing John was going to school yesterday. They were walking around together last night. She/he/it/Iwas You/they/wewere TEST! Jack……………………..noodle yesterday when I came to his house. a. wasb. atec. was eatingd. were eating Adverb of time: Yesterday, last week/month/year, one minute ago/etc.

9. Present Perfect Activity happened at unspecified time Has/have + Present participle form (V3) She has called her since 7 o’clock. They have drank juice for 30 minutes. She/he/it/has I/you/they/wehave TEST! Jack……………………..noodle since 2 hours ago. a. ateb. has eatenc. have eatend. were eating Adverb of time: Since and for Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence I have woken since 5 o’clock.She has not woken up.Have you eaten this morning?

10. Present Perfect Progressive Duration of an activity began in past and continues to the present Has/have + been+ Verb-ing She has been biking since 8 o’clock. They have been singing for two hours. She/he/it/has I/you/they/wehave TEST! Jack……………………..noodle since 2 hours ago. a. ateb. eatsc. has been eaten d. were eating Adverb of time: Since and for Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence She has been biking since 8 o’clock. They haven’t been singing for two hours. Have you been waiting me?

11. Past Perfect Activity completed before another activity Had+ Present participle form (V3) She had called me before Kesit came. They had drunk before I arrived there. She/he/it/I/you/they/wehad TEST! Jack……………………..noodle before my friends called him. a. eatb. is eatingc. has eatend. had eaten Adverb of time: Before and after Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence Sisca had slept before John came.Sisca hadn’t slept before John came. Had Sisca slept before John came?

12. Past Perfect Progressive Duration of the activity in progress before another activity Had+ been+Present participle form (V3) She had been calling me since 30 minutes ago before Kesit came. She/he/it/I/you/they/wehad TEST! Jack……………………..noodle since 8 o’clock before my friends called him. a. had been eatingb. eatc. has eatend. had eaten Adverb of time: Before and after Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence Sisca had been sleeping for two hours before John came. Sisca hadn’t been sleeping for two hours before John came. Had Sisca had been sleeping for two hours before John came?

13. Simple Future Activity in future time 1. Will/shall+ simple form They are going to swim tomorrow morning. She/he/it/I/you/they/wewill TEST! My brother and I …………………….to the park two minutes later. a. will gob. wentc. have goned. had gone Adverb of time: Tomorrow, two days later, next week/month/etc. Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence Pete will go to Bali next week.Pete will not go to Bali next week.Will Pete go to Bali? Pete is going to go to Bali.Pete is not going to go to Bali.Is Pete going to go to Bali? 2. Be (is/am/are) going to + simple form I/weshall I will swim tomorrow morning.

14. Future Progressive Activity will be in progress in future Will/shall+ be+Verb-ing She/he/it/I/you/they/wewill Adverb of time: Tomorrow, two days later, next week/month/etc. Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence She will be swimming.She will not be swimming.Will she be swimming? I/weshall I will be swimming. Be patient.

15. Future Perfect Duration of an activity that will be in progress before another event in future Will/shall+ have+ Present participle (v3) She/he/it/I/you/they/wewill Adverb of time: By the time Positive SentenceNegative SentenceInterrogative Sentence She will have finished her homework She will not have finished her homework Will she have finished her homework? I/weshall When Mrs.Brown retires next month, she will have been teaching for 20 years. Future Perfect Progressive Activity will be completed before another even in future Will/shall+ have+ been+verb-ing I will have finished my homework by the time I go out with my boyfriend.

16. Structure Practice-1 1.Last week I………………fishing nearby mountain late. a. gob. goes c. went d. had gone. 2.The North Plate River…………from Wyoming into Nebraska. a. flowedb. flows c. flowing d. had flown 3.The functions of cerebellum are to maintain and move the body. A B C D 4. Blood Plasma it is the transportation system for all of organs in human body. A B C D 5. Political demonstrations on American campuses………………..since 1970. a. abateb. will abatec. have abatedd. is abating

17. REFERENCES Azar, Betty. Understanding and using English grammar. Third Edition. Longman Sharpe, Pamela. 2011. TOEFL. Seventh Edition. USA: Barron