3. Promoter recognition by sigma factors Figure from Griffiths et al (1996) Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 6th ed., WH Freeman and Co.    '' RNA polymerase core enzyme Sigma factor

4. Promoter recognition by sigma factors Figure from Griffiths et al (1996) Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 6th ed., WH Freeman and Co.

5. Promoter recognition by sigma factors Figure from Griffiths et al (1996) Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 6th ed., WH Freeman and Co.

6. AA Promoter recognition by sigma factors uvrB Repair DNA damage TTGTTGGCATAATTAAGTACGACGAGTAAAATTAC ATACCT recA DNArecombination CACTTGATACTGTA.TGAGCATACAGTATAATTGC TTCAACA rrnAB RibosomalRNA CTCTTGTCAGGCCG.GAATAACTCCCTATAATGCGCCACCACTG str Ribosomal protein TTCTTGACACCTT.TCGGCATCGCCCTAAAATTCG GCGTCG rpoA RNA polymerase TTCTTGCAAAGTTGGGTTGAGCTGGCTAGATTAGC CAGCCA TTGacaTAtAaT R

7. NN Promoter recognition by sigma factors uvrB Repair DNA damage TTGTTGGCATAATTAAGTACGACGAGTAAAATTAC ATACCT recA DNArecombination CACTTGATACTGTA.TGAGCATACAGTATAATTGC TTCAACA rrnAB RibosomalRNA CTCTTGTCAGGCCG.GAATAACTCCCTATAATGCGCCACCACTG str Ribosomal protein TTCTTGACACCTT.TCGGCATCGCCCTAAAATTCG GCGTCG rpoA RNA polymerase TTCTTGCAAAGTTGGGTTGAGCTGGCTAGATTAGC CAGCCA TTGacaTAtAaT R Kp nifE nitrogenase accessory CTTCTGGAGCGCGAATTGCA TCTTCCCCCT Kp nifU nitrogenase accessory TCTCTGGTATCGCAATTGCT AGTTCGTTAT Kp nifB nitrogenase accessory CCTCTGGTACAGCATTTGCA GCAGGAAGGT Kp nifH nitrogenase CGGCTGGTATGTTCCCTGCACTTCTCTGCTG Kp nifM nitrogenase accessory TGGCTGGCCGGAAATTTGCA ATACAGGGAT Kp nifF nitrogenase accessory AACCTGGCACAGCCTTCGCA ATACCCCTGC Kp nifL nitrogenase regulat’n ATAAGGGCGCACGGTTTGCATGGTTATCACC glnA P2glutamine synthetase AAGTTGGCACAGATTTCGCTTTATCTTTTTT CTGG-ATTGCA AA

8. Sigma factors in sporulation A A A A H H H H Starvation (and other signals) Stage 0

9. Sigma factors in sporulation A A A A H H E E F F Starvation (and other signals) Stage II/III

10. Sigma factors in sporulation A A A A H H H H E E F F Starvation (and other signals) Stage 0

11. F F F F E E Sigma factors in sporulation A A A A H H E E F F Starvation (and other signals) Stage II/III

12. Sigma factors in sporulation A A E E F F K K G G Starvation (and other signals) Stage III Starvation (and other signals) Stage IV

13. Sigma factors in sporulation Sporulation: regulated sigma factor cascade … but what regulates the sigma factors? Not transcriptional control What kind of post-transcriptional control? How are events coordinated? Checkpoints?

14. Sigma factors in sporulation Old gene names New gene names Protein names Location rpoDsigA  37,  A vegetative spo0HsigH  H vegetative spoIIGsigE  37,  E mother cell spoIIAsigF  F forespore spoIIICsigK  K mother cell spoIIIGsigG  G forespore