1. IB Anthropology at UWC Costa Rica Political Organisation: Tribes

2. No completely autonomous tribes in today’s world Societies e.g. in Papua New Guinea and Amazonia where tribal principles continue to operate

3. Key Point #1 Tribes typically have a horticultural or pastoral economy and are organized by village life or membership in descent groups

4. Key Point #2 Tribes lack socioeconomic stratification and formal government

5. Key Point #3 A few tribes still conduct small-scale warfare, in the form of inter-village raiding.

6. Key Point #4 Tribes have more effective regulatory mechanisms than foragers do, but tribal societies have no sure means of enforcing political decisions

7. Similarities & Differences Like foragers, horticulturalists tend to be egalitarian, Some have marked gender stratification Horticultural villages usually are small, with low population density and open access to strategic resources. Age, gender, and personal traits determine how much respect people receive and how much support they get from others. Egalitarianism diminishes, however, as village size and population density increase.

8. Main regulatory officials in tribes Village Heads ‘Big men’ Descent-group leaders Village councils Leaders of pantribal associations