1. Septage Management in Indonesia Serving the urban poor and starting to close the loop? Reini Siregar Budi Damawan, Isabel Blackett Indonesian team Cebu, Philippines April 2013 Technical Assistance to Government…

2. Background: Urban Sanitation Improving On site and DEWATS systems Urban Sanitation Coverage in Indonesia % of population Improved Sanitation Open Defecation Unimproved Shared Source: UNICEF/WHO JMP 2012 Urban Sanitation Access1990 2010 Improved Facilities 56%73% Shared Facilities 8%10% Other unimproved 17%3% Open Defecation 19%14% Total 100% Population: 240 million people Increasing on site and DEWATS Increasing need for desludging  Little national policy, legislation, or regulation

3. Acceleration of Sanitation in Human Settlements Government investment program 2010-2015 Open Defecation Free by 2015 10% urban residents with sewerage access incl16 cities with 20% sewerage DEWATS in 226 cities and districts Improved septage treatment facilities 900% increase in sanitation investment since 2006

4. Sanitation and Septage Disposal in Tegal and Jombang Over 90% access to household toilets Private sector emptying services Local government emptying truck Little used septage treatment facilities Unenforced or no local regulation Septage management similar to other cities Jombang Population: 137,000 Tegal Population: 240,000 Jakarta Pal u Metro Lampung

5. Dense communities, tanks and pits hard to reach, often under house and no access manhole Difficult Access

6. Unused Septage Treatment Facilities

7. M 3 /month Septage Emptying Services Available Little safe disposal, treatment and no reuse Storage Collection Unsealed tanks and pits, often overflow Removal Transport Dump in waterways fields etc Treatment Little used septage treatment facilities Re-use or disposal No re-use and frequent unsafe disposal Private benefit = private payment Public or shared benefit But who pays ?

8. O & M costs Household or pit owner Private sector business Local Govt operator Capital cost Small Profit Capital cost Operating and other costs Removal Fee Dumping Fee $ Central Budget Transfer Existing: Incentive to Remove Septage Disincentive to dispose safely Local government budget Treatment Transport $

9. Immediate changes Reduce open dumping: increase septage treated Start to formalise tanker services Improve management of treatment facility Medium term National laws and regulations Pilot regular emptying in discrete areas Increase independence of city treatment operator Fully sustainable Commercial operation of septage treatment Regular emptying and regular payment by household Reuse of treated sludge as compost, fertilizer, fuel etc Priority setting: What can change now? What comes later?

10. Start with Incremental Incentives Incentives for septage to reach treatment facility: Free annual permit for correct disposal and registering all loads Waive disposal fees for valid permit Permit revoked for opening dumping Improve operation of treatment facility Promote public awareness to increase willingness to report open dumping

11. Start: Incentives to Comply and Formalize If business: Use septage treatment facility Register all loads Incentives Free annual operating permit Disposal fees waived National governme nt Issues permit Household or pit owner Septage collection business Septage collection business $ Profit Operating and other costs Registers loads O & M costs Local government operator Local city gover nment Capital cost Removal Fee Treatment Transport Local Government budget Capital cost Septage fee/tax

12. National Septage Framework Water Resources Act (2006) makes septage management a local government responsibility. But more is needed:- Ministerial decree as basis for septage guidelines and regulations Guidelines for minimum service standards for local government Incentives for good local Government outcomes National monitoring

13. National Government Household pit owner Septage collection business Septage collection business Public company (utility) Public company (utility) Capital cost Profit Capital cost Operating and other costs Compost sales Regular septage management fee Contracts for regular desludging O & M cost If needed ad hoc emptying TreatmentTransport Long term: Regular Emptying and Regular Payments

14. Work in Progress: Next Steps Opportunities Improve treatment so sludge safe for agricultural use Develop market for compost to increase cost-recovery Challenges National septage framework Increase volume of sludge removed Improved septic tank and pit construction at scale High groundwater areas

15. Terima Kasih!