1. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 20161 PUMP OPERATIONS II BUCKS COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND PENNSYLVANIA STATE FIRE ACADEMY

2. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 20162 PUMP OPERATIONS II REGISTRATION FORM  COURSE NUMBER & SECTION 421.016 421.016  COURSE TITLE PUMP OPERATIONS II (PUOA) PUMP OPERATIONS II (PUOA)  START DATE OCTOBER 18, 2014 OCTOBER 18, 2014  HOURS 16 16

3. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 20163 PUMP OPERATIONS II  INTRODUCTIONS  INSTRUCTOR  SHAWN KAUFFMAN  CLASSROOM / PRACTICAL  SAFETY/RESTROOMS/RULES

4. Are you in this Class? 6/21/20164

5. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 20165 PUMP OPERATIONS II OBJECTIVES  DEMONSTRATE MASTERY OF THE OBJECTIVES IN PUMPS I  OPERATE PUMPS IN A SAFE MANNER  DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF HYDRAULICS  SUCCESSFULLY OPERATE PUMPER IN RELAY SITUATION  SUCCESSFULLY SUPPLY ELEVATED MASTER STREAMS

6. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 20166 PUMP OPERATIONS II OBJECTIVES  PARTICIPATE IN A LECTURE/DISCUSSION OF THE PRINCIPALS INVOLVED IN SUPPLYING WATER TO SPRINKLER AND STANDPIPE SYSTEMS  BE FAMILIAR WITH FOAM PROPORTIONER OPERATIONS  PERFORM SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT CHECKS

7. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 20167 PUMP OPERATIONS II INSTRUCTOR EXPECTIONS  YOU FULLY PARTICIPATE IN THE COURSE, GET INVOLVED, HAVE FUN AND LEARN!!!!  YOU INTERACT WITH THE INSTRUCTORS AND FELLOW STUDENTS, HAVE FUN AND LEARN!!!!

8. DRIVER/OPERATOR  NFPA 1002, Fire Apparatus Driver Qualifications  NFPA 1002 identifies the minimum job performance requirements (JPRs) for individuals responsible for driving and operating fire department vehicles. 6/21/20168

9. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 20169 DRIVER/OPERATOR  BASIC REQUIREMENTS GOOD VISION GOOD VISION RESPONSIBLE RESPONSIBLE GOOD DRIVING RECORD GOOD DRIVING RECORD GOOD HEARING GOOD HEARING KNOWLEDGE OF DRIVING REGULATIONS KNOWLEDGE OF DRIVING REGULATIONS ABILITY TO REMAIN CALM UNDER PRESSURE ABILITY TO REMAIN CALM UNDER PRESSURE

10. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201610 DRIVER/OPERATOR  BASIC REQUIREMENTS KNOWLEDGE OF THE APPARATUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE APPARATUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE EQUIPMENT ON YOUR APPARATUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE EQUIPMENT ON YOUR APPARATUS KNOWLEDGE OF RESPONSE AREA KNOWLEDGE OF RESPONSE AREA FIRST DUEFIRST DUE SECOND DUESECOND DUE FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS/FLOWSFIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS/FLOWS DRAFTING AREASDRAFTING AREAS

11. PUMPS I REVIEW  OBJECTIVES SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT METHOD OF TRANSFERING POWER TO THE PUMP SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT METHOD OF TRANSFERING POWER TO THE PUMP SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO PUMP CAPACITY FROM DRAFT SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO PUMP CAPACITY FROM DRAFT SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE AN ANNUAL PERFORMANCE TEST SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE AN ANNUAL PERFORMANCE TEST PRODUCE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE HAND AND MASTER STREAMS PRODUCE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE HAND AND MASTER STREAMS SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT OPERATION OF THE VOLUME/PRESSURE TRANSFER VALVE SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT OPERATION OF THE VOLUME/PRESSURE TRANSFER VALVE SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT OPERATION OF THE PRESSURE CONTROL DEVICE SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE CORRECT OPERATION OF THE PRESSURE CONTROL DEVICE June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201611

12. PUMPS I REVIEW  OBJECTIVES DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF NOZZLES, FLOWS, PRESSURES, AND FRICTION LOSS BY CORRECTLY OPERATING THE PUMP IN A VARIETY OF FLOW SITUATIONS DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF NOZZLES, FLOWS, PRESSURES, AND FRICTION LOSS BY CORRECTLY OPERATING THE PUMP IN A VARIETY OF FLOW SITUATIONS SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO PUMP CAPACITY FROM A HYDRANT SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO PUMP CAPACITY FROM A HYDRANT SHALL OBSERVE FOR AND PREVENT OR CORRECT; CAVITATION; LEAKING FUEL, OIL, WATER, OVERHEATING; UNUSUAL NOISES; VIBRATIONS; WATER HAMMER SHALL OBSERVE FOR AND PREVENT OR CORRECT; CAVITATION; LEAKING FUEL, OIL, WATER, OVERHEATING; UNUSUAL NOISES; VIBRATIONS; WATER HAMMER PERFORM READINESS CHECKS NECESSARY TO DETERMINE THE PUMPER IS OPERATIONAL PERFORM READINESS CHECKS NECESSARY TO DETERMINE THE PUMPER IS OPERATIONAL June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201612

13. PUMPS I REVIEW  Apparatus Inspection and Maintenance  Pump Inspection and Maintenance  Fire Pump Theory  Centrifugal Pumps  Apparatus Drive Systems  Making the Pump Operational June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201613

14. Pumps I Review  Water Supply  Water Pressure and Velocity  Friction Loss  Calculating Friction Loss  Pump Discharge Pressure  Fire Ground Hydraulic Calculations  Nozzles, Flows and Pressures June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201614

15. 6/21/201615 APPARATUS INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE  PERFORM ROUTINE TESTS, INSPECTIONS AND SERVICING BATTERIES BATTERIES BRAKING SYSTEM BRAKING SYSTEM COOLING SYSTEM COOLING SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FUEL FUEL HYDRAULIC FLUIDS HYDRAULIC FLUIDS OILS OILS

16. 6/21/201616 APPARATUS INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE  PERFORM ROUTINE TESTS, INSPECTIONS AND SERVICING TIRES TIRES STEERING SYSTEM STEERING SYSTEM BELTS BELTS TOOLS, APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT TOOLS, APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT  DRIVING FIRE APPARATUS ISN’T JUST GETTING BEHIND THE WHEEL!!

17. 6/21/201617 APPARATUS INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

18. 6/21/201618 APPARATUS INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE  DOCUMENT YOUR INSPECTION CORRECT ANY DEFICIENCIES THAT ARE FOUND CORRECT ANY DEFICIENCIES THAT ARE FOUND REPORT ANY DEFICIENCIES YOU ARE UNABLE TO CORRECT TO THE PROPER AUTHORITY REPORT ANY DEFICIENCIES YOU ARE UNABLE TO CORRECT TO THE PROPER AUTHORITY FOLLOW UP AND MAKE SURE THE PROBLEMS WERE RESOLVED FOLLOW UP AND MAKE SURE THE PROBLEMS WERE RESOLVED

19. PUMP INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 6/21/201619

20. 6/21/201620 PUMP INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE  WEEKLY/MONTHLY PUMP INSPECTION OPERATE THE PUMP DRIVE CONTROLS AND MAKE SURE THE PUMP CAN BE ENGAGED OPERATE THE PUMP DRIVE CONTROLS AND MAKE SURE THE PUMP CAN BE ENGAGED MAKE SURE THE AUXILIARY FUEL TANK IS FULL MAKE SURE THE AUXILIARY FUEL TANK IS FULL MAKE SURE ALL THE GAUGES ON THE PUMP PANEL ARE IN WORKING ORDER MAKE SURE ALL THE GAUGES ON THE PUMP PANEL ARE IN WORKING ORDER OPERATE THE CONTROLS TO CHECK OR INSPECT THE PUMP OPERATE THE CONTROLS TO CHECK OR INSPECT THE PUMP

21. 6/21/201621 PUMP INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE  WEEKLY/MONTHLY PUMP INSPECTION INSPECT THE WATER TANK FOR PROPER FLUID LEVELS INSPECT THE WATER TANK FOR PROPER FLUID LEVELS CHECK THE UNDERSIDE OF APPARATUS FOR WATER OR FOAM LEAKS CHECK THE UNDERSIDE OF APPARATUS FOR WATER OR FOAM LEAKS TEST ROOF AND BUMPER TURRETS FOR PROPER OPERATION TEST ROOF AND BUMPER TURRETS FOR PROPER OPERATION CHECK ALL COMPONENTS OF THE AUXILIARY FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS CHECK ALL COMPONENTS OF THE AUXILIARY FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

22. 6/21/201622 PUMP INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE  WEEKLY/MONTHLY PUMP INSPECTION CHECK FOR DAMAGE AND PROPER OPERATION OF AUXILIARY HEATING SYSTEMS CHECK FOR DAMAGE AND PROPER OPERATION OF AUXILIARY HEATING SYSTEMS MAKE SURE PUMPS AND HOSE LINES ARE DRAINED FOR WINTER OPERATIONS MAKE SURE PUMPS AND HOSE LINES ARE DRAINED FOR WINTER OPERATIONS

23. FIRE PUMP THEORY  Types of Fire Pumps Positive Displacement Positive Displacement Piston PumpsPiston Pumps Rotary GearRotary Gear Rotary VaneRotary Vane Centrifugal Centrifugal Single StageSingle Stage Multi StageMulti Stage June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201623

24. Positive Displacement  Piston Pump Single-Acting Single-Acting Double-Action Double-Action Multi Cylinder Multi Cylinder June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201624

25. Positive Displacement  Rotary Gear Two Gears Two Gears Simplest of all Designs Simplest of all Designs Booster and Priming Pumps Booster and Priming Pumps June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201625

26. Positive Displacement  Rotary Vane Common Priming Pump Common Priming Pump Efficient at Pumping Air Efficient at Pumping Air Vanes Compensate for Wear Vanes Compensate for Wear June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201626

27. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS  Non-positive Displacement Pump Impeller Impeller Casing Casing Volute Volute June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201627

28. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS  Single Stage Single Impeller Single Impeller Capacities up to 2,000 gpm Capacities up to 2,000 gpm Double Suction Impeller Double Suction Impeller  Multi Stage Separate Impeller for each Stage Separate Impeller for each Stage Each Impeller has same Capacity Each Impeller has same Capacity Series (Pressure) or Parallel (Volume) Series (Pressure) or Parallel (Volume) June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201628

29. 6/21/201629 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS  A TWO-STAGE FIRE PUMP HAS TWO IMPELLERS MOUNTED ON A SINGLE SHAFT  GENERALLY, BOTH IMPELLERS ARE THE SAME SIZE  WHAT GIVES THE TWO- STAGE PUMP ITS VERSATILITY IS ITS CAPABILITY OF CONNECTING THESE TWO STAGES IN SERIES FOR MAXIMUM PRESSURE OR PARALLEL FOR MAXIMUM VOLUME BY USE OF A TRANSFER VALVE

30. TWO-STAGE PUMPS 6/21/201630

31. APPARATUS DRIVE SYSTEMS  Auxiliary Engine Pumps  Power Take-Off Pumps  Front Mount Pumps  Mid-ship Pumps  Rear-Mount Pumps June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201631

32. Pressure Control Devices  Intake Relief Valves Integral to pump intake Integral to pump intake Added on to intake connection Added on to intake connection  Discharge Relief Valves Adjustable spring-loaded pilot valve Adjustable spring-loaded pilot valve Bypasses Water to Intake Chamber Bypasses Water to Intake Chamber  Pressure Governor Mechanical or Electronic Mechanical or Electronic June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201632

33. Priming Devices  Positive Displacement Rotary Gear or Rotary Vane Rotary Gear or Rotary Vane Oil or Oil-LessOil or Oil-Less Exhaust Primers Exhaust Primers Air Primers Air Primers June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201633

34. Auxiliary Coolers  Marine-type  Immersion-type June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201634

35. MAKING THE PUMP OPERATIONAL  Parking Brake and Neutral  Pump Shift  Cover Brake and Shift to Drive  Confirm Pump Engaged  Wheel Chocks  Tank to Pump  Tank Fill / Re-circulate June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201635

36. WATER SUPPLY  Tank Water  Pressurized Municipal Hydrants Municipal Hydrants Private Hydrants Private Hydrants  Static Portable Tanks Portable Tanks Cisterns Cisterns Ponds Ponds Streams Streams June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201636

37. PRESSURES  Static Water Pressure.434 psi per foot regardless of quantity.434 psi per foot regardless of quantity Thumb Rule – 5 psi per 10 feet Thumb Rule – 5 psi per 10 feet  Residual Water Pressure Pressure available after water is flowing Pressure available after water is flowing  Atmosphere Pressure 14.7 psi at Sea Level 14.7 psi at Sea Level 1200 feet ~14.0 psi 1200 feet ~14.0 psi June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201637

38. 6/21/201638 RESIDUAL PRESSURE  FIRST DIGIT METHOD FIND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE STATIC AND RESIDUAL PRESSURE FIND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE STATIC AND RESIDUAL PRESSURE MULTIPLY THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE STATIC PRESSURE BY 1, 2 OR 3 TO DETERMINE HOW MANY ADDITIONAL LINES OF EQUAL FLOW MAY BE ADDED MULTIPLY THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE STATIC PRESSURE BY 1, 2 OR 3 TO DETERMINE HOW MANY ADDITIONAL LINES OF EQUAL FLOW MAY BE ADDED

39. 6/21/201639 FIRST DIGIT METHOD  IF THE PSI DROP IS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE STATIC PRESSURE MULTIPLIED BY ONE (1), THREE ADDITIONAL LINES OF EQUAL VALUE MAY BE ADDED  IF THE PSI DROP IS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE STATIC PRESSURE MULTIPLIED BY TWO (2), TWO ADDITIONAL LINES OF EQUAL VALUE MAY BE ADDED  IF THE PSI DROP IS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE STATIC PRESSURE MULTIPLIED BY THREE (3), ONE ADDITIONAL LINE OF EQUAL VALUE MAY BE ADDED

40. LIFT, VACUUM AND AIR PRESSURE June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201640

41. PUMP CAVIATION  CAVIATION Discharging water faster than supply Discharging water faster than supply Discharging from draft beyond the maximum vacuum on the intake or air leaks Discharging from draft beyond the maximum vacuum on the intake or air leaks Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Unresponsive Pump with increasing RPMsUnresponsive Pump with increasing RPMs Shaking or Pulsating PumpShaking or Pulsating Pump Noisy Pump (sounds like gravel in pump)Noisy Pump (sounds like gravel in pump) Popping sound from nozzle (late sign)Popping sound from nozzle (late sign) June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201641

42. OVERHEATING PUMP  Signs of Overheated Pump Warm or Hot Intake Warm or Hot Intake Warm or Hot Discharge Warm or Hot Discharge Pump Panel Alarm Pump Panel Alarm  Prevention Do not engage pump until needed Do not engage pump until needed Re-circulating Water (Tank or Portable Tank) Re-circulating Water (Tank or Portable Tank) Discharging Water Discharging Water June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201642

43. 6/21/201643 WATER HAMMER  WATER MOVING THROUGH A HOSE HAS BOTH WEIGHT AND VELOCITY  SUDDENLY STOPPING WATER MOVING THROUGH A HOSE OR PIPE RESULTS IN AN ENERGY SERGE BEING TRANSMITTED IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION, OFTEN AT MANY TIMES THE ORIGINAL PRESSURE  WATER HAMMER CAN DAMAGE THE PUMP, APPLIANCES, HOSE, OR THE MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEM ITSELF

44. FRICTION LOSS  FIRE SERVICE DEFINITION Part of the total pressure lost while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose and appliances. Part of the total pressure lost while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose and appliances. PrinciplesPrinciples Length of hose or pipe increase / decrease friction loss Length of hose or pipe increase / decrease friction loss Velocity (flow) increases friction loss Velocity (flow) increases friction loss Diameter of hose pipe increase / decrease friction loss Diameter of hose pipe increase / decrease friction loss When velocity (flow) is equal, friction loss is the same regardless of pressure When velocity (flow) is equal, friction loss is the same regardless of pressure June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201644

45. CALCULATING FRICTION LOSS  “Q” FORMULA FL = CQ²L FL = CQ²L  CHARTS  THUMBRULES 30 AND 400 RULES 30 AND 400 RULES 1 ¾” @ 150 GPM = 30 PSI PER 100’1 ¾” @ 150 GPM = 30 PSI PER 100’ 2 ½” @ 250 GPM = 15 PSI PER 100’2 ½” @ 250 GPM = 15 PSI PER 100’ 5” ADD 1 POUND STARTING AT 400 GPM5” ADD 1 POUND STARTING AT 400 GPM  PUMPING GUIDES June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201645

46. NOZZLE FLOWS AND PRESSURES  Fire Stream Velocity Velocity Gravity Gravity Wind Wind Friction with Air Friction with Air Operating Pressure Operating Pressure Nozzle Design Nozzle Design Nozzle Adjustment Nozzle Adjustment Condition of Orifice Condition of Orifice June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201646

47. NOZZLE FLOWS AND PRESSURES  Solid Stream Hand Line – 50 psi Hand Line – 50 psi Master Stream – 80 psi Master Stream – 80 psi  Fog Stream – 100 psi Manually Adjustable Manually Adjustable Automatic Automatic High Pressure High Pressure June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201647

48. NOZZLE FLOWS AND PRESSURES  Master Stream Monitors Monitors Turret Pipe Turret Pipe Deluge Set Deluge Set Elevated Elevated Ladder PipeLadder Pipe Pre-plumbedPre-plumbed June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201648

49. NOZZLE FLOWS AND PRESSURES  NOZZLE REACTION FOG NOZZLE FOG NOZZLE NR =.0505 X VOLUME X √NPNR =.0505 X VOLUME X √NP Standard Fog @ 150 gpm – 75.75Standard Fog @ 150 gpm – 75.75 SOLID BORE NOZZLE SOLID BORE NOZZLE NR = 1.5 X NPNR = 1.5 X NP 50 psi Smooth Bore – 7550 psi Smooth Bore – 75 June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201649

50. PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE  PDP = NP + FL + EL + AL PDP – PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE PDP – PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE NP – NOZZLE PRESSURE NP – NOZZLE PRESSURE FL – FRICTION LOSS IN HOSE FL – FRICTION LOSS IN HOSE EL – ELEVATION LOSS EL – ELEVATION LOSS June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201650

51. FIRE GROUND HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS  Nozzles Pressures Fog Nozzles – 100 psi Fog Nozzles – 100 psi Smoothbore Master Stream – 80 psi Smoothbore Master Stream – 80 psi Smoothbore Hand Line – 50 psi Smoothbore Hand Line – 50 psi Minimum Engine Intake – 20 psi Minimum Engine Intake – 20 psi  Elevation Loss +/- 5 psi per 10’  Appliance Loss + 10 psi > 350 gpm  Master Stream Appliance + 25 psi  Standpipe + 25 psi June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201651

52. FIRE GROUND HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS  NEEDED FIRE FLOW ON SCENE CALCULATION ON SCENE CALCULATION NATIONAL FIRE ACADEMYNATIONAL FIRE ACADEMY LENGTH X WIDTH / 3 @ 100% INVOLVEMENT LENGTH X WIDTH / 3 @ 100% INVOLVEMENT REDUCTION BASED ON % INVOLVEMENTREDUCTION BASED ON % INVOLVEMENT 25% ADDITIONAL FOR INTERIOR EXPOSURES 25% ADDITIONAL FOR INTERIOR EXPOSURES 25% ADDITIONAL FOR EXTERIOR EXPOSURES 25% ADDITIONAL FOR EXTERIOR EXPOSURES 500 GPM MINIMUM FOR WORKING FIRES 500 GPM MINIMUM FOR WORKING FIRES June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201652

53. Sprinkler Systems / Standpipes  Sprinkler systems provide automatic fire suppression to the structure and if provided with Fire Department Connection, can be supported by the Fire Department.  Standpipes provide rapid fire attack in multi-story buildings and single story buildings with large floor areas. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201653

54. Sprinkler Systems  Fire Department Connection (FDC) 1 ½” and 2 ½” Residential 1 ½” and 2 ½” Residential Siamese 2 ½” or Sexless Commercial Siamese 2 ½” or Sexless Commercial  Thumb Rule 150 psi supplied to FDC 150 psi supplied to FDC June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201654

55. Standpipe  Wet or Dry Wet system is supplied by municipal water system and should be supported by FD to assure proper flow rates. Wet system is supplied by municipal water system and should be supported by FD to assure proper flow rates. Dry system requires all water flow to be supplied by FD. Dry system requires all water flow to be supplied by FD. Wet or Dry calculate and supply as if dry system. Adjust wet systems as needed. Wet or Dry calculate and supply as if dry system. Adjust wet systems as needed. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201655

56. Standpipe Calculations  Pump discharge pressure factors: Friction Loss in Standpipe Friction Loss in Standpipe Thumb Rule – 25 psiThumb Rule – 25 psi Friction Loss in hose to FDC Friction Loss in hose to FDC Friction Loss in hose on fire floor Friction Loss in hose on fire floor Required nozzle pressure Required nozzle pressure Required elevation loss Required elevation loss June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201656

57. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201657 RELAY APPARATUS & EQUIPMENT  A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF APPARATUS, HOSE, AND EQUIPMENT MAY BE USED TO ESTABLISH A RELAY PUMPING OPERATION  MOST COMMONLY, STANDARD FIRE DEPARTMENT PUMPERS ARE USED TO LAY HOSE AND PERFORM THE PUMPING DUTIES IN A RELAY OPERATION

58. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201658 RELAY APPARATUS & EQUIPMENT  THE FOLLOWING TERMS ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS OF THE APPARATUS USED IN A RELAY PUMPING OPERATION SOURCE PUMPER RELAY PUMPER ATTACK PUMPER

59. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201659 RELAY APPARATUS & EQUIPMENT

60. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201660 RELAY APPARATUS & EQUIPMENT

61. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201661 RELAY PUMPING OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS  IN THE MOST BASIC SENSE, A RELAY OPERATION IS BASED ON TWO THINGS THE AMOUNT OF WATER NEEDED AT THE EMERGENCY SCENE THE AMOUNT OF WATER NEEDED AT THE EMERGENCY SCENE THE DISTANCE FROM THE EMERGENCY SCENE TO THE WATER THE DISTANCE FROM THE EMERGENCY SCENE TO THE WATER  THE RELAY WILL SUPPLY THE ENTIRE FIREGROUND WITH WATER  THE RELAY WILL BE USED TO SUPPLEMENT AN INADEQUATE MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY

62. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201662 RELAY PUMPING OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS  IN SIMPLE TERMS, IF IT IS NECESSARY TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF FLOW THROUGH THE RELAY, ONE OF THREE THINGS WILL BE NEEDED INCREASE THE SIZE OF HOSE OR NUMBER OF HOSELINES USED IN THE RELAY INCREASE THE SIZE OF HOSE OR NUMBER OF HOSELINES USED IN THE RELAY INCREASE THE PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE OF THE PUMPERS OPERATING IN THE RELAY INCREASE THE PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE OF THE PUMPERS OPERATING IN THE RELAY INCREASE THE NUMBER OF PUMPERS IN THE RELAY INCREASE THE NUMBER OF PUMPERS IN THE RELAY

63. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201663 RELAY PUMPING OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS  ONE 3 INCH SUPPLY LINE GPM HOSE LENGTH 2503,600 500900 750400 1000225 1250140  ONE 5 INCH SUPPLY LINE GPM HOSE LENGTH 25033,000 5008,250 7503,670 10002,050 12501,320

64. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201664 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR RELAY OPERATIONS  PUTTING THE RELAY INTO OPERATION LARGEST CAPACITY PUMPER IS AT THE WATER SOURCE LARGEST CAPACITY PUMPER IS AT THE WATER SOURCE ONCE THE WATER SUPPLY IS ESTABLISHED, THE SOURCE PUMPER OPENS A DISCHARGE AND ALLOWS WATER TO FLOW UNTIL RELAY PUMPER IS READY FOR WATER ONCE THE WATER SUPPLY IS ESTABLISHED, THE SOURCE PUMPER OPENS A DISCHARGE AND ALLOWS WATER TO FLOW UNTIL RELAY PUMPER IS READY FOR WATER

65. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201665 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR RELAY OPERATIONS  PUTTING THE RELAY INTO OPERATION RELAY PUMPER BLEEDS AIR FROM SUPPLY LINE RELAY PUMPER BLEEDS AIR FROM SUPPLY LINE PUTS PUMP IN GEAR AND OPENS DISCHARGE TO SUPPLY NEXT PUMPER PUTS PUMP IN GEAR AND OPENS DISCHARGE TO SUPPLY NEXT PUMPER MAINTAINING 20 TO 30 PSI INTAKE PRESSURE MAINTAINING 20 TO 30 PSI INTAKE PRESSURE PRESSURES WILL NEED TO BE ADJUSTED AFTER THE ATTACK PUMPER IS FLOWING WATER PRESSURES WILL NEED TO BE ADJUSTED AFTER THE ATTACK PUMPER IS FLOWING WATER SET YOUR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE AND FLOW A SMALL AMOUNT OF WATER TO KEEP YOUR PUMP COOL SET YOUR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE AND FLOW A SMALL AMOUNT OF WATER TO KEEP YOUR PUMP COOL

66. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201666 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR RELAY OPERATIONS  EFFECTIVE RELAY OPERATIONS, LIKE ALL FIREGROUND OPERATIONS, REQUIRE GOOD COMMUNICATIONS  A SEPARATE CHANNEL SHOULD BE USED FOR THE WATER SUPPLY OPERATION  RELAY OPERATIONS SHOULD BE SHUT DOWN FROM THE FIREGROUND FIRST, AND BACK TO THE SUPPLY PUMPER  ONCE ALL THE PUMPERS ARE SHUT DOWN HOSE LOADING CAN BEGIN

67. DUAL AND TANDEM PUMPING  DUAL PUMPING Dual Pumping is using a single hydrant to supply two pumpers connected to each other by intakes. Used when large quantities of water are needed and available from one hydrant. Dual Pumping is using a single hydrant to supply two pumpers connected to each other by intakes. Used when large quantities of water are needed and available from one hydrant.  TANDEM PUMPING Tandem Pumping is a short pumper to pumper relay used to overcome the need for higher pressure than a single pump can provide. Tandem Pumping is a short pumper to pumper relay used to overcome the need for higher pressure than a single pump can provide. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201667

68. DUAL PUMPING  ONE HYDRANT SHARED BY TWO OR MORE ENGINES Hydrant capacity to support more than one engine Hydrant capacity to support more than one engine Intake to intake connection Intake to intake connection Second engine receives residential pressure from hydrant Second engine receives residential pressure from hydrant Pumps are working in volume (parallel) Pumps are working in volume (parallel) June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201668

69. DUAL PUMPING June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201669

70. TANDEM PUMPING  TECHNIQUE TO PRODUCE PRESSURES HIGHER THAN NORMALLY PRODUCED BY ONE ENGINE Short relay operation Short relay operation Discharge to intake connection Discharge to intake connection Intake pressure from first engine added to pump pressure of second engine Intake pressure from first engine added to pump pressure of second engine Pumps are working in pressure (series) Pumps are working in pressure (series) June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201670

71. TANDEM PUMPING June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201671

72. FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  IN RECENT YEARS FOAM FIREFIGHTING HAS INCREASED DRAMATICALLY IN THE MUNICIPAL AND WILDLAND FIRE SERVICE  THERE ARE MANY REASONS WHY THIS HAS OCCURRED, BUT THE MAJOR ONES ARE THE FOLLOWING June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201672

73. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201673 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTS REQUIRING FOAM FOR THEIR CONTROL MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTS REQUIRING FOAM FOR THEIR CONTROL NEW ADVANCES IN FOAM CONCENTRATE TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE PROVIDED PRODUCTS WHICH ARE MORE EASILY USED BY MUNICIPAL AND WILDLAND FIREFIGHTERS NEW ADVANCES IN FOAM CONCENTRATE TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE PROVIDED PRODUCTS WHICH ARE MORE EASILY USED BY MUNICIPAL AND WILDLAND FIREFIGHTERS TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS IN FOAM PROPORTIONING EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS THAT MAKE THEIR INCLUSION IN THE CONSTRUCTION IN NEW FIRE APPARATUS, OR THE RETROFITTING OF EXISTING APPARATUS, FEASIBLE FOR ALL FIRE DEPARTMENTS TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS IN FOAM PROPORTIONING EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS THAT MAKE THEIR INCLUSION IN THE CONSTRUCTION IN NEW FIRE APPARATUS, OR THE RETROFITTING OF EXISTING APPARATUS, FEASIBLE FOR ALL FIRE DEPARTMENTS

74. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201674 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  THERE ARE TWO BASIC TYPES OF FOAM: CHEMICAL FOAMS CHEMICAL FOAMS MECHANICAL FOAMS MECHANICAL FOAMS  CHEMICAL FOAMS ARE THOSE PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF A CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN TWO CHEMICALS ARE THOSE PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF A CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN TWO CHEMICALS THESE TYPES OF FOAM ARE CONSIDERED OBSOLETE AND ARE RARELY, IF EVER, FOUND IN USE TODAY THESE TYPES OF FOAM ARE CONSIDERED OBSOLETE AND ARE RARELY, IF EVER, FOUND IN USE TODAY

75. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201675 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  MECHANICAL FOAMS MUST BE PROPORTIONED (MIXED WITH WATER) AND AERATED (MIXED WITH AIR) BEFORE THEY CAN BE USED MUST BE PROPORTIONED (MIXED WITH WATER) AND AERATED (MIXED WITH AIR) BEFORE THEY CAN BE USED TO PRODUCE QUALITY FIRE FIREFIGHTING FOAM, FOAM CONCENTRATE, WATER, AIR, AND MECHANICAL AERATION ARE NEEDED TO PRODUCE QUALITY FIRE FIREFIGHTING FOAM, FOAM CONCENTRATE, WATER, AIR, AND MECHANICAL AERATION ARE NEEDED THESE ELEMENTS MUST BE PRESENT AND BLENDED IN THE CORRECT RATIOS THESE ELEMENTS MUST BE PRESENT AND BLENDED IN THE CORRECT RATIOS

76. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201676 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  REMOVING ANY ELEMENT RESULTS IN EITHER NO FOAM PRODUCTION OR POOR QUALITY FOAM  BEFORE DISCUSSING THE FOAM MAKING PROCESS, IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THE FOLLOWING TERMS

77. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201677 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  FOAM CONCENTRATE THE RAW FOAM LIQUID IN THE CONTAINER THE RAW FOAM LIQUID IN THE CONTAINER  FOAM PROPORTIONER THE DEVICE THAT INTRODUCES THE FOAM CONCENTRATE INTO THE WATER STREAM THE DEVICE THAT INTRODUCES THE FOAM CONCENTRATE INTO THE WATER STREAM

78. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201678 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  FOAM SOLUTION THE MIXTURE OF FOAM CONCENTRATE AND WATER BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF AIR THE MIXTURE OF FOAM CONCENTRATE AND WATER BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF AIR  FINISHED FOAM THE COMPLETED PRODUCT AFTER AIR IS INTRODUCED INTO THE FOAM SOLUTION THE COMPLETED PRODUCT AFTER AIR IS INTRODUCED INTO THE FOAM SOLUTION

79. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201679 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  THERE ARE FOUR BASIC METHODS BY WHICH FOAM MAY BE PROPORTIONED INDUCTION INJECTION BATCH MIXING PREMIXING

80. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201680 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  THE IN-LINE EDUCTOR IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF EDUCTOR USED IN THE FIRE SERVICE TODAY  IN-LINE EDUCTORS USE THE VENTURI PRINCIPAL TO DRAFT FOAM CONCENTRATE INTO THE WATER STREAM

81. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201681 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  OPERATING RULES MUST BE FOLLOWED WHEN OPERATING AN IN- LINE EDUCTOR FLOW THROUGH THE EDUCTOR SHOULD NOT EXCEED THE RATED CAPACITY OF THE EDUCTOR 200 PSI SHOULD BE SUPPLIED TO THE EDUCTOR EDUCTORS MUST BE PROPERLY MAINTAINED EDUCTOR MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 6 FEET ABOVE THE FOAM CONCENTRATE LIQUID LEVEL (LIFT)

82. BASIC FOAM EDUCTION June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201682 FOAM EDUCTION VIDEO

83. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201683 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  AROUND-THE-PUMP PROPORTIONER IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PROPORTIONER USED ON MOBILE FIRE APPARATUS TODAY  WATER IS SUPPLIED TO THE BY- PASS LINE, AND FOAM CONCENTRATE IS PICKED UP AND IS DIRECTED TO THE DISCHARGE SIDE OF THE PUMP WHERE IT IS DISCHARGED INTO THE HOSELINE

84. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201684 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  COMPRESSED AIR FOAM SYSTEMS (CAFS) IN THE MID 1980’S THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPED THIS TYPE OF HIGH- ENERGY CLASS A FOAM IN THE MID 1980’S THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPED THIS TYPE OF HIGH- ENERGY CLASS A FOAM THE BLM ADDED A ROTARY AIR COMPRESSOR TO A STANDARD FIRE DEPARTMENT PUMPER THE BLM ADDED A ROTARY AIR COMPRESSOR TO A STANDARD FIRE DEPARTMENT PUMPER A DIRECT-INJECTION FOAM-PROPORTIONING SYSTEM IS ATTACHED TO THE DISCHARGE SIDE OF THE FIRE PUMP A DIRECT-INJECTION FOAM-PROPORTIONING SYSTEM IS ATTACHED TO THE DISCHARGE SIDE OF THE FIRE PUMP

85. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201685 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  COMPRESSED AIR FOAM SYSTEMS (CAFS) REACH OF THE FIRE STREAM IS CONSIDERABLY LONGER ADHERES TO FUEL SURFACE AND RESISTS HEAT LONGER ALLOWS FOR FIRE ATTACK AT GREATER DISTANCE HIGH-ENERGY FOAM LINES WEIGH LESS THAN LOW- ENERGY FOAM LINES

86. COMPRESSED AIR FOAM SYSTEMS June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201686 COMPRESSED AIR FOAM VIDEO

87. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201687 FOAM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS  COMPRESSED AIR FOAM SYSTEMS (CAFS) CAFS ADDS EXPENSE TO THE VEHICLE AND INCREASED MAINTENANCE COSTS HOSE REACTION CAN BE ERRATIC IF FOAM IS NOT SUPPLIED TO HOSE-LINE IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES ADDITIONAL TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR PERSONNEL

88. June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201688 QUESTIONS ?

89. Practical Session  Sunday, October 19 @ 0830  Location End of Stewart Drive End of Stewart Drive Spring Creek Park Spring Creek Park  Apparatus – 513, 527, 512, 516 June 21, 2016June 21, 2016June 21, 201689