1. 一：主＋系＋表 Mary is in China. 二： 主＋谓 Class begins. 三： 主＋谓＋宾 He likes English very much. 四：主＋谓＋双宾 She lent me a useful dictionary. 五：主＋谓＋宾＋宾补 We elected Tom monitor. 简单句

2. 复合句：并列句 Her brother is a doctor and her sister is a teacher. He made a promise, but he didn’t keep it. Do you want to leave now or would you rather set off later? The car broke down, so we had to find a telephone.

3. 复合句：主从句 Where I keep the book hasn’t been decided. He said that he was on the way to success. The fact is that he gave it up too early. The news that they won the match is true. The place where I’ll put the book is where you lay it. He grew up where he was born. 主 宾 表 同 定、表 状

4. 状语从句分类 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句

5. when, while, as 1. when+ 非延续性动词、延续性动词 while+ 延续性动词 While /When I was sleeping, the teacher came in. =When the teacher came in, I was sleeping. 2. as ( 一边 … 一边 ; 随着 ) He sings as he works. We get wiser as we get older.

6. ※ ※ ※※ ※ ※ when ( 就在这时 ) Sb. was doing sth when… Sb. was about to do sth when… Sb. was on the point of doing sth when… I was thinking of this when I heard my name heard. I was about to go out when the bell rang. when ( 在 --- 情况下 ) It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.

7. ※ ※ ※※ ※ ※ while ( 而 ) He is tall while his brother is short. while ( 尽管, 虽然 ) While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. as ( 尽管, 虽然 ) Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings. as 因为 As he is honest, all his friends like him.

8. 一 …… 就 …… as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly the moment, the second, the minute, the instant no sooner…than… hardly/scarcely…when… She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to move. No sooner had she arrived…. I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang. Hardly had I sat ….

9. till/until/not … until 1. 肯定句 1. 肯定句 I waited till/until he came back. ２．否定句 ２．否定句 I didn’t go to bed until he came back. ３． not…until 强调＆倒装 ３． not…until 强调＆倒装 It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympics Games. It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympics Games. Not until I received the letter did I know he had gone to America. Not until I received the letter did I know he had gone to America.

10. before, since, when It will be/was + 时间段 +before+ 一般现在／过去 It won’t be long before he finishes his writing. It is/has been + 时间段 +since 一般过去时 It has been two years since he came here. It will be/was + 时间点 +when+ 一般现在／过去 It was ten o’clock when he came back.

11. every time, each time, any time, the first/last time, next time, by the time Every/Each time he came, he would call on me. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. By the time he was 14, he had read a lot of books.

12. 地点状语从句 1. where I’ll go where am needed. 2. wherever, anywhere I’ll go wherever\anywhere he goes. 3. 与定语从句区别 Go back ____ you came from. Go back to the place ____ you came from.

13. 原因状语从句 because, as, since/now that/(when), for 位置语气 why 强调 because 主句前／后强能能 as 主句前／后弱 since 主句前弱 for 判断 依据

14. --Why are you absent from the meeting? --Because I am ill. It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us. It’s because he is too lazy. It must be morning, for the birds are singing.

15. 目的状语从句 1. so that, in order that He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. 2. in case, for fear that, lest + (should) +v. He wrote the number down ~ he should forget it.

16. 结果状语从句 1. so…that… adj./adv adj.+ a/an +n. many/much/few/little + n. 2. such…that… (a/an) +adj. +n.

17. so that … 目的／结果 He shouted so that he could make himself heard. He shouted so that he made himself heard. 总结：后加情态动词 may/might/can/could/will/would 表目的

18. 条件状语从句 1. if, unless unless= if…not Don’t come in unless I let you. 2. as/so long as, only if (if only) Only if…, will he do great things. If only you had worked more carefully! 3. providing/provided (that) suppose/supposing (that) on condition that

19. in case 目的／条件状语从句 In case he comes, let me know. Be quite in case you wake the baby.

20. 让步状语从句 1. though, although +yet, still Though I believe it, yet I must consider. 2. even if, even though He will come even if he is ill. He came even though he was ill. 3. as/though ( 强调） adj./adv./n.( 无冠词 ) /v.( 原形 )+as+ 主 + 谓

21. 4. no matter wh-=wh-ever He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove. 5. whether…or (not) Whether you are busy or not, you must attend the meeting. 6. while While the hotel is expensive, it is very comfortable.

22. 方式状语从句 1. as When in Rome do as the Romans do. I will do as I am asked to. 2. as if, as though It looks as if it’s going to rain. He treats me as if I were his own son.

23. 比较状语从句 as…as; not as/so…as… She works as hard as me/I. The streets in Beijing are as crowded as those in Shanghai. than Jane is much taller than I/me. She sings worse than she did before. He looks older than he is. the 比较级 …, the 比较级 … The harder we work, the happier we feel.