1. Trauma and Violence Autumn Vinciquerra, Marissa Taylor, Paxton McCartney, Jacqueline Dunbar, Cheyenne Chapman

2. Defining the Topics Trauma- “a sudden, potentially deadly experience, often leaving lasting, troubling memories” (Figley, 2012). Violence- “ Behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something” (Oxford Dictionary, 2016).

3. Trauma can be caused by One-time eventsOngoing, relentless stress

4. Examples of Violence that be Traumatic Physical abuse Witness/victim to domestic violence Terrorism Neglect Maltreatment Sexual assault Rape Mass Shootings Military Trauma

5. Traumas Effect on Health Physical- PTSD, sleep disturbances, fatigue, headaches, stomach aches, chronic pain (somatic symptoms) Psychological- anger, fear, shame, sadness/hopeless, confusion

6. Violence and Trauma Overall Concerns: Mass Shootings

7. MASS MURDER MOTIVES MOTIVES BEHIND MASS SHOOTINGS 1.Revenge 2.Bullying 3.Some people develop visions of annihilation 4.Seeking headline attention 5.Problems with acquiring successful relationships 6.Having perceptions of "nobody understands me”

8. MASS SHOOTINGS STATISTICS STATISTICS REPORTS SUGGEST THAT UP TO 60% OF PERPETRATORS OF MASS SHOOTINGS IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1970 DISPLAYED SYMPTOMS INCLUDING ACUTE PARANOIA, DELUSIONS, AND DEPRESSION BEFORE COMMITTING THEIR CRIMES ABOUT 1/3 OF MASS KILLERS DO NOT LEAVE THE SCENE ALIVE 77% OF MASS KILLINGS INVOLVE A GUN. BUT KILLERS ALSO HAVE USED EVERYTHING FROM THEIR HANDS TO SAWS TO BASEBALL BATS AND KNIFES

9. SANDY HOOKS MASS SHOOTING: ADAM LANZA HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=ITSOJUPK-CY

10. MASS SHOOTING EFFECTS DEVELOP POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ISOLATIVE AND PARANOID STRESS AND ANXIETY BECOME MORE HYPER VIGILANT AND LESS TRUSTING

11. Affects on Relationships and Society https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeO5QTAryNE

12. Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Virginia ●April 16, 2007 ●Seung-Hui Cho ●32 killed ●17 Injured ●Suicide

13. Virginia Tech April 16, 2007 Increase Safety and Security Greater Attention to the quality of and availability of Mental Health services Mass Notifications, Campus wide texts and Email

14. A Website dedicated to students and faculty who were killed during the shootings Day of Remembrance on April 16 April 16 Memorial Virginia Tech We Remember

15. Columbine High School Littleton, Colorado ●April 20,1999 ●Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold ●13 killed ●23 injured ● Both Committed Suicide

16. Columbine High School April 20, 1999 9 Ways Schools have Changed: Heightened Security Increase Communication Zero- Tolerance Policy Increased Awareness Student Privileges are Limited Emergency Crisis Plans Bullying and Violence Protection Programs More Mental Health Counseling Cell Phones allowed on campus  Sue Klebold A Mother’s Reckoning  Divorce, Bankruptcy, Illness, and Judgments  Being Portrayed in the Media  Changing the Mental Image of her Son

17. Columbine Memorial Opened September 21, 2007 The Columbine Memorial is designed to be a place of peace, comfort and reflection remembering all those who were touched by the events of April 20, 1999 at Columbine High School, those who were injured and those whose lives were taken that day

18. Sandy Hook Elementary Newtown, New Jersey ●December 14, 2012 ●Adam Lanzo ●20 Children ●6 Adults ●Suicide

19. Sandy Hook Elementary Dec. 12, 2012 Gun Control Issues Foundations Created Race for Chase

21. Prevention of Mass Shootings Reduce the threat of Mass Shootings Require citizens to show cause for concealed carry permits Require that citizens keep firearms outside of the home in secure places, (e.g. places such as a gun range) Require a mandatory day wait to purchase firearms and background checks for all, including purchases from private individuals. Equip People to Defend Themselves Post more guards and security officers in schools and other public places. Individuals, especially teachers and professors, should be vigilant and identify others who appear to pose a potential threat. Arm teachers and school administrators so they can protect themselves and their students.

22. Prevention of Mass Shootings Root out violence in society Parents can restrict the amount and type of television and computer use their children have access to Crack down on, and eliminate, all bullying in schools and workplaces. Realign all social services around violence prevention—including youth development, mental health, anti-gang, and anti-drug programs News media should reduce coverage of mass shootings

23. Interventions and Recovery https://www.bgsu.edu/public-safety/bgsu-emergency-management- and-response/hostile-intruder.html

24. A.L.I.C.E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqkUw9egsWc A.L.I.C.E Training: A: Alert L: Lockdown I: Inform C: Counter E: Evacuate

25. How to help Children cope with mass shootings Talking with children is important so they can understand what is happening and to feel safe Tips on how to address a tragedy with children: Take time to think about what to say Choose a time when the child does want to talk Ask them what they already know about the situation Listen to what questions and concerns they may have

26. Coping with Mass Shooting for Children Maintain and continue the child’s daily routine Spend extra time with the child or children Encourage the child to express their feelings and allow them to be open about how they are feeling Avoid placing blame Limit media exposure Seek out school resources (E.G. School Counselor)

27. Intervention for College age and Older Adults Talk about it Strive for balance Take a break from all the stress Take care of oneself Help others or do something productive Give yourself time to recover Seek professional help such a support group or therapy sessions if one feels like they are unable to function or perform simple daily activities

29. References http://www.du.edu/conflictresolution/media/documents/mass_shootings_community.pdf http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/mass-shooting.aspx http://ct.counseling.org/tag/school-shooting/ http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/11/us/how-to-stop-mass-shootings-in-america-times-readers-respond.html?_r=1 http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/helping-children-cope/art-20047029 https://www.nsba.org/sites/default/files/School%20Shootings%20and%20Student%20Mental%20Health.pdf http://www.criminaljusticedegreesguide.com/features/9-ways-school-has-changed-since-columbine.html http://www.criminaljusticedegreesguide.com/features/9-ways-school-has-changed-since-columbine.html http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/14/mother-supposed-know-son-columbine-sue-klebold http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/14/mother-supposed-know-son-columbine-sue-klebold

30. References http://patch.com/connecticut/newtown/remembering-sandy-hook-victims-2-years-later-0 https://www.weremember.vt.edu http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/article/Virginia-Tech-1-Year-Later-How-Campuses-Have-Responded# http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/16/us/20-deadliest-mass-shootings-in-u-s-history-fast-facts/ http://www.columbinememorial.org http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/violence http://pq9se9hp4e.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF- 8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book%20item&rft.title=Ency clopedia+of+Trauma%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Guide&rft.au=Valent%2C+Paul&rft.atitle=Trauma%2C+Definitions+of&rft.date=2 012-01-01&rft.isbn=9781452266688&rft.spage=676&rft.epage=679&rft.externalDocID=4195800242&paramdict=en-US http://pq9se9hp4e.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF- 8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book%20item&rft.title=Ency clopedia+of+Trauma%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Guide&rft.au=Valent%2C+Paul&rft.atitle=Trauma%2C+Definitions+of&rft.date=2 012-01-01&rft.isbn=9781452266688&rft.spage=676&rft.epage=679&rft.externalDocID=4195800242&paramdict=en-US http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207191/ http://www.samhsa.gov/trauma-violence/types