1. Chapter 13 – Sections 1 Pgs. 400-404 CA Standards 8.6.1, 8.6.2

2.  Today we will learn about the immigrants who came to America in the 1800s.  So we can understand how the population grew and impacted city growth.  We will know we understand when we can…  Identify the causes and effects of immigration and urban growth.

3.  In the mid-1800s, many immigrants crossed the Atlantic Ocean to begin new lives in the U.S.  4 million+ between 1840 and 1860  Mostly European  3 million from Ireland & Germany  Fleeing economic & political troubles

4.  In the mid-1840s, potato blight, a disease that causes rot in potatoes, left many families in Ireland with little food  More than a million Irish died of starvation an disease  Many fled to the U.S.  Very poor  Settled in Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania  Worked unskilled jobs

5.  In 1848 some Germans had staged a revolution against their rulers  Some educated Germans fled to the U.S. to escape persecution  Many German immigrants were working class and came to the U.S. for economic reasons  The U.S. seemed to offer opportunity!  Many German immigrants came to America with money, however, they were forced to take low-paying jobs

6.  Immigrants needed work  Midwest farming  Low paying unskilled city jobs  1840s-1850s: Nativists feared losing their jobs to immigrants who would work for lower pay  1849 nativists founded the Know-Nothing Party  Supported making it difficult for immigrants to become citizens/hold public office

7.  Industrial Revolution led to many more jobs in the city  This changed American life  The families of those who owned businesses or worked skilled jobs (merchants, manufacturers, professionals, and master craftspeople) made up the MIDDLE CLASS  A social class and economic level between the wealthy and the poor

8.  American cities in the mid-1800s faced many challenges due to rapid growth  Limited public & private transportation = workers lived near the workplace  No clean water  No public health regulations = No safe way to get rid of trash, human waste  No organized police and fire crews…only volunteers  Lack of safe housing = TENEMENTS  Poorly designed apartment buildings that housed large numbers of people  Immigrants could usually only afford this type of housing  Effects:  Diseases spread easily  Epidemics were common  Growing crime rate

10. CausesEffects Immigration Urban Growth

11. CausesEffects Economic & political issues Immigration Rapid pop. & city growth Anti-immigration movements Industrialization immigration Urban Growth More urban problems