1. Trashketball: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, & Tsunamis

2. Question: What is a mountain that forms when molten rock is forced to the Earth’s surface?

3. Answer: Volcano

4. Question: What is a gas-driven explosion that propels magma and small fragments of material?

5. Answer: Explosive

6. Question: What is the outpouring of lava without significant explosive eruption?

7. Answer: Effusive

8. Question: What causes a volcano to have an effusive eruption?

9. Answer: High Silica Content

10. Question: How did the “Ring of Fire” get its name?

11. Answer: Volcanoes in a ring around the Pacific Ocean (Pacific plate boundary)

12. Question: Identify the following type of volcano:

13. Answer: Cinder cone

14. Question: What kind of eruption comes from a cinder cone volcano?

15. Answer: Explosive

16. Question: How are cinder cone volcanoes formed?

17. Answer: explosive fragments and cinders fall and accumulate around the vent of the volcano

18. What causes a volcano to have an explosive eruption?

19. Answer: High water content

20. Question: What is the difference between magma and lava?

21. Answer: Magma is molten rock inside the earth, lava is erupted magma (outside the earth)

22. Question: The most dangerous type of eruption is ______________, because these are very hot and travel very fast.

23. Answer: Pyroclastic Flow

24. Question: Identify the following type of volcano:

25. Answer: Shield Volcano

26. Question: How does a shield volcano form?

27. Answer: layers upon layers of solidified lava

28. Question: What kind of eruption does a shield volcano have?

29. Answer: Effusive

30. Question: Identify the following type of volcano:

31. Answer: Composite

32. Question: How is a composite volcano formed?

33. Answer: Alternating layers of effusive lava flows and tephra

34. How does a composite volcano erupt?

35. Answer: effusive and explosive

36. Question: What is a shaking of the ground caused by sudden movement of large blocks of rock along the fault?

37. Answer: Earthquake

38. Question: Where do most earthquakes occur?

39. Answer: On plate boundaries

40. Question: What is a fracture or break in the Earth’s lithosphere where blocks of rock move past each other?

41. Answer: Fault

42. What is the most well-known and active fault in the U.S.?

43. Answer: San Andreas Fault

44. Question: What is the point underground where the rock first begins to move?

45. Answer: Focus

46. Question: What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus?

47. Answer: Epicenter

48. Question: What faults are common near boundaries where stress presses rocks together (convergent)?

49. Answer: Reverse or Thrust Fault

50. Question: What faults are common near boundaries where tectonic plates are moving apart (divergent)?

51. Answer: Normal

52. Question: What faults can occur where plates scrape past each other (transform)?

53. Answer: Strike Slip fault

54. Question: What type of fault is the San Andreas Fault?

55. Answer: Strike Slip Fault

56. Question: What are vibrations caused by earthquakes?

57. Answer: Seismic waves

58. Question: What type of waves move along the Earth’s surface, not through its interior?

59. Answer: Surface waves

60. Question: What type of waves are the fastest waves that are the first to reach any particular location after an earthquake?

61. Answer: Primary Waves

62. Question: These waves travel at the same time, but at half the speed of Primary waves, therefore these are the second waves to arrive at a particular location after an earthquake:

63. Answer: Secondary Waves

64. Question: What is an instrument that constantly records ground movement?

65. Answer: Seismograph

66. Question: How does earthquake energy travel?

67. Answer: outward: up, down, sideways, in all directions!

68. Question: What are 2 ways volcanoes are constructive?

69. Answers: Create rich soil expands land

70. Question: What are 2 ways volcanoes are destructive?

71. Answers: destroy land, homes, lives creates clouds of ash (breathing problems or environmental issues)

72. Question: Describe the Lithosphere.

73. Answer: Includes the crust and part of the upper mantle; this is where the earth’s tectonic plates are.

74. Question: What type of plate boundary exists when two plates scrape past each other?

75. Answer: Transform boundary

76. Question: What type of plate boundary exists when two plates move toward each other?

77. Answer: Convergent boundary

78. Question: What type of plate boundary exists when two plates are moving away from each other?

79. Answer: Divergent boundary

80. Question: What is subduction?

81. Answer: One tectonic plate slides beneath another

82. Question: What is the effect of a transform boundary?

83. Answer: Earthquake

84. Question: Mountains and volcanoes are formed at what type of plate boundary?

85. Answer: Convergent

86. Question: What is a hot spot?

87. Answer: An area in earth’s interior where magma rises up in plumes or columns from the mantle

88. Question: What happens as a result of a divergent boundary?

89. Answer: Sea floor spreading and rift valleys