1. Take out a blank piece of paper

2. Abolitionists Draw a picture of an abolitionist. Pay attention to detail as best you can.

3. HW! Lincoln debate prep Agenda: Whiteness in the United States The Know Nothing party and Nativism Were the Irish considered “white” in the 19 th century? The Dred Scott decision Modern conceptions of abolitionism Students will be able to Define the Know nothing party List the who what when where and why important for the Dred Scott supreme court case Evaluate racial categorization in US history

4. Immigration in the 19 th century What do you know about immigration patterns in the 19 th century (with regards to the United States)?

5. Immigration- Irish

6. Nativism New immigrants to America in the 19 th century acted as a scapegoat for society’s problems (they still do) Nativism is the term given for the anti-immigrant movement in the United States Irish immigration The Know Nothings were a secret society open only to Protestants born in the United States. They were strongly anti-Catholic Became a political party and won many victories in 1854

7. Were the Irish considered “White” in the 19 th century? Document A 1. (Close reading) The man on the right is supposed to be Irish. What comparison is the cartoon making? 2. (Close reading) What is the message of this cartoon? 3. (Contextualization) What is written on the top of the scales? Connect this to your knowledge of US history Document B 1. (Close reading) Based on this document, what were three reasons the Know- Nothings targeted Irish Catholics? 2. (Close reading) Based on this document, what are two reasons why the Know- Nothings believed being Catholic was incompatible with being a United States citizen? Document C 1. (Contextualization) Why were Irish used for difficult labor in the South? 2. (Close reading) Based on this document, how were the Irish treated? Document D 1. (Close reading) The woman on the right is supposed to be Irish. Describe what she looks like and how she’s acting. Based on this document, what were some stereotypes about Irish women?

8. Racial Categories Change

9. Dred Scott Last week we looked at different attempts to solve the issues presented by slavery. With a partner, review what those attempts were – Missouri Compromise – Compromise of 1850 – Kansas and Nebraska Act What branch of government was mainly involved in these attempted solutions?

10. Who was Dred Scott and what did he do?

11. Dred Scott Scott sued for his freedom and that of his wife and daughter born in Wisconsin territory The Supreme Court took the Dred Scott case as a chance to try and fix the national problem of slavery 1.Dred Scott was not free 2.Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional (government cannot interfere with free movement of private property) 3.Decision on slavery and the rights of black Americans…

12. Dred Scott “In the opinion of the court, the legislation and histories of the times, and the language used in the Declaration of Independence, show, that neither the class of persons who had been imported as slaves, nor their descendants, whether they had become free or not, were then acknowledged as a part of the people, nor intended to be included in the general words used in that memorable instrument...They had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit.“ – Chief Justice Roger B Taney

13. Abolition was the attempt to end against slavery This fight could happen in many ways--politically, socially, legally, violently. While upper-middle-class white abolitionists and a tiny black elite pushed the political case, slaves themselves were also fighting for freedom, using whatever tools were available to them. Over 300 slaves in St Louis sued for their freedom from 1812 to 1865 “We normally don’t think of slaves as a part of the abolition movement, but they very much were.” Manisha Sinha, a professor and author Return to your drawing of an abolitionist.