1. Monster Vocabulary Words

2. Renaissance rebirth of interest in art and learning in European history, 1350=1550

3. Secular people were more interested in this world than in religion and getting into heaven

4. Diplomacy art of negotiating with other countries

5. Humanism based on values of ancient Greeks and Romans; believed individual and human society important

6. Vernacular Common language of the people of a certain area

7. Reformation movement to reform/change the Catholic Church; led to creation of Protestantism

8. Indulgences a pardon from the Church for a person’s sins

9. Theology the study of religion and God

10. Seminary special school for training and educating priests

11. Heresy religious beliefs that conflict with Church teachings

12. Protestant person who joined Christian Churches that had separated from the Catholic Church

13. Ninety-Five Theses Martin Luther’s list of 95 arguments against indulgences

14. Anglican Church official Church of England

15. Domestication taming animals and breeding plants for human use

16. Irrigation method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops

17. Currency system of money

18. Aqueduct human made channel built to carry water

19. Barter to exchange goods without using money

20. Direct Democracy people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters. Every citizen can vote.

21. Oligarchy government where a small group of people holds power

22. Tyrant Someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority

23. Veto To vote or say “NO” to an idea

24. Representative Democracy citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf

25. Dictator in ancient Rome, a person who ruled with complete power temporarily during emergencies

26. Socratic Method Developed by Socrates, used questions and answers to have students use their reason to see thing for themselves.

27. Monotheism The belief in one god

28. Torah Laws Moses received from God on Mount Sinai, later became the first part of the Hebrew Bible

29. Covenant agreement

30. Prophet A person who claims to be instructed by God to share Gods words

31. Synagogue Jewish house of worship

32. Messiah In Judaism, a savior sent by God

33. Apostle Early Christian leaders who helped set up churches and spread the message of Jesus

34. Oasis green area in desert fed by underground water

35. Caravan group of traveling merchants and animals

36. Quran holy book of Islam

37. Shiite One of two groups that came about after the quarrel over who should succeed Muhammad. They are Muslims who believe that Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law should succeed him and that all future caliphs (successors) should be his descendants

38. Sunni who outnumbered Shiites, a Muslim group who accepted the Umayyad dynasty as rightful rulers of Muslims

39. Mosque Muslim house of worship

40. Caste System social group someone is born into and cannot change

41. Hinduism one of the oldest religions in the world and today is the third largest; grew out of the religion of the Aryans in ancient India

42. Export to sell to another country

43. Import to buy from another country

44. Scientific Method an orderly way of collecting and analyzing data

45. Hypothesis An educated guess, a theory

46. Plague disease that spreads quickly and kills many people

47. Crusades Holy wars between European Christians and Muslims

48. Feudalism political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals

49. Cathedral large new churches built during the Middle Ages

50. Monastery where men called monks banded together in religious communities