1. HISTORY OF SLAVERY

2. EARLY SLAVERY IN AMERICA Slavery is a system in which people are treated as property and are forced to work with little or no pay. Similar to the Spanish, the Thirteen Colonies first used Native Americans as slaves. In addition, indentured servants were also used during early colonial times. These were poor Europeans who agreed to work for an employer for a certain period of time (three to seven years) in exchange for transportation (trip to America). Unlike slaves, indentured servants had some basic rights and were free to go once they fulfilled their contract.

3. WHY AFRICAN SLAVES? Eventually the Thirteen Colonies turned to African slaves because: 1.Africans were immune to most European diseases. 2. Didn’t have allies to help them escape or rebel. 3. Could endure the hot weather, long hours, and difficult labor. 4. Africans were a permanent source of labor---didn’t have to be freed. A. Children of slaves became slaves themselves.

4. Triangular Trade- Trading network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. 1.Africa: slaves, gold, ivory, spices 2.West Indies: sugar, molasses The Thirteen Colonies: rum, iron, whale oil, lumber, furs, rice, silk, indigo, tobacco, coffee, cotton 3. England: beer, guns, gunpowder, cloth, iron, tea, pots TRIANGULAR TRADE

5. Triangular Trade

6. The Middle Passage was part of the Triangular Trade, the voyage of the slave ships from Africa to the Americas. Middle Passage MIDDLE PASSAGE

9. THE DEATH TOLL By the time the Triangular Trade ended, over 12 million Africans had been enslaved, shipped out, and separated from their families, with about two million dying along the trip.

10. The forced removal of Africans from Africa to the Americas and Europe. AFRICAN DIASPORA

11. Dates 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Number of Slaves (millions) 1493-16001601-1700 1701-1810 Amount of Slaves Imported to America (1493-1810)

12. SLAVE CODES Slave Codes: laws that regulate the treatment of slaves. Slaves were defined as property and masters were given full power and control over their slaves. Common Slave Codes: 1.Education for slaves forbidden. 2.Slaves can’t meet or assemble. 3.Slaves can’t own property or make contracts (including marriage).

13. SLAVE RESISTANCE The slaves worked slower and faked sickness. Slaves broke equipment on purpose. The main resistance was running away. Though very rare, some slaves did rise up in armed rebellions.

14. STONO REBELLION Started on September 9, 1739 in South Carolina, the Stono Rebellion was the largest slave rebellion at the time. At least 60 slaves took part and about 25 whites were killed. The South Carolina militia finally stopped the rebellion and most of the rebels were caught and executed.

15. NAT TURNER’S REBELLION August 13-October 30, 1831 Wanted to kill as many whites as possible in the area, which resulted in the death of at least 55 whites men, women, and children. Although Turner and about 55 others were caught and executed, almost 200 more Blacks were murdered by White mobs in retaliation to Turner’s Rebellion.

16. CONSEQUENCES OF THE REBELLIONS Why do you think it was illegal for slaves to meet up with free blacks? Stricter slave codes were passed: 1.Blacks were can’t assemble without a White person present. 2.Speaking out against slavery became a crime. 3.State militia was strengthened. 4.Slaves couldn’t meet with Free Blacks.