1. Test = Tuesday 9/22 33 mc 7 matching 3 short answer/essay Title Pages due Tuesday 9/22

2. How did Henry Bessemer revolutionize the steel industry?

3. He created a way to make a stronger steel more quickly and cheaply

4. How did factory specialization & the assembly line affect workers?

5. Workers repeated the same task over and over. It was boring, tiring, and likely to become injured.

6. What is: a corporate expansion strategy that involves joining together as many firms (companies) from the same industry as possible

7. horizontal integration

8. What is: a corporate expansion strategy that involves controlling each step in the production and distribution of a product

9. vertical integration

10. John D. Rockefeller used this corporate expansion strategy

11. horizontal integration

12. Andrew Carnegie used this corporate expansion strategy

13. vertical integration

14. What impact did the assembly line have on car manufacturing?

15. cars were cheaper & easier to make because production costs decreased

16. Why did working conditions decline during the Industrial Revolution?

17. Business was more worried about high profits & efficiency than keeping workers safe

18. What term describes a time when America looked golden, but underneath she was tarnished with lots of problems.

19. the Gilded Age

20. What has been formed when a company completely dominates a particular industry?

21. monopoly

22. What is a set of companies that is managed by a small group of people?

23. trust

24. Why are monopolies and trusts bad for workers and consumers?

25. Choice decreases Prices increase Working conditions decrease

26. Who owns a corporation?

27. stockholders

28. What is capital?

29. any financial asset- including money, machines, and buildings- used in production

30. Why are monopolies unfair?

31. Monopolies raise prices and can reduce the quality of goods

32. What is laissez-faire economic policy?

33. the government keeps its “hands off” business. There are few rules & regulations.

34. Describe conditions for factory workers

35. 6 days a week 10 hours a day $1 a day unsafe, dangerous conditons

36. How did the U.S. government support laissez-faire policies?

37. free land to RRs cheap natural resources few rules & regulations accepted bribes high tariffs on foreign goods

38. What did the Pullman Strike, Haymarket Affair, and Homestead Strike have in common?

39. all turned violent losses for labor unions troops/police called in

40. What are the 3 basic objectives of labor unions?

41. better wages (pay) safer conditions fewer hours

42. What can labor unions do when negotiations with owners fail?

43. strike

44. Why was it difficult for labor unions to improve conditions for workers?

45. the government and courts mostly supported business owners

46. define push factor

47. a problem that causes people to immigrate to another place (reason for leaving)

48. define pull factor

49. an attraction that draws immigrants to another place (reason for coming)

50. Why did most immigrants to America travel in steerage?

51. they couldn’t afford a 1 st or 2 nd class ticket

52. What two exams did immigrants have to pass at Ellis Island?

53. Medical Inspection & Legal Inspecition

54. How often did immigrants get sent back to their home countries?

55. rarely—only 2% were deported

56. Why did immigrants work low-paying industrial jobs?

57. most immigrants were unskilled workers

58. who were nativists?

59. Americans who felt threatened by immigrants

60. What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 limit?

61. Chinese immigration & citizenship

62. Where did most “new” immigrants come from in 1910?

63. Southern & Eastern Europe

64. Why did employers hire immigrant labor?

65. Immigrants would work for less.

66. What were poorly built, overcrowded apartment buildings in big cities called?

67. tenements

68. What happened to many immigrants at Angel Island?

69. Most were detained for weeks, months, some even years.

70. What is a political theory that advocates ownership of the means of production by people (workers) not private individuals?

71. socialism

72. what is the economic system in which factories & equipment are privately owned?

73. capitalism

74. what is collective bargaining?

75. negotiations between workers and employers for wages, working conditions, and other terms of employment

76. what did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act attempt to outlaw?

77. trusts & other businesses that limited trade

78. What push factors impacted immigrants?

79. lack of jobs/land potato famine population growth religious persecution

80. what pull factors impacted immigrants to the U.S.?

81. natural resources (land, minerals, forests) jobs freedom democracy opportunity letters from friends & family

82. Which American ideal is most represented in this Unit? Be prepared to support your answer with 3-4 specific examples.

83. Test = Tuesday 9/22 33 mc 7 matching 3 short answer/essay Title Pages due Tuesday 9/22