1. V ITAL S ENSE Senior Design II Fall 2015 [1]

2. Team Members Cody Smith Team Leader Electrical Engineer Eric Easterling Electrical Engineer Chris Kenney Computer Engineer Cory Coward Electrical Engineer Dr. Sherif Abdelwahed Faculty Advisor Sensor Packaging Hardware Implementation Testing Hardware Hardware Implementation PCB Design Sensor Software Application Software Packaging Design Sensor Software/Implementation Arduino Software Database Implementation

3. Overview Problem Solution Constraints  Technical  Practical System Overview PCB Design Packaged Product Testing Q&A [2]

4. Problem From 1960 to 2009, 123 high school football players died from heat related illness [3]. A total of 489 concussions were sustained by NFL players between 2012 and 2014 [4]. Concussions can be hard to determine from the field. There are several long-term effects resulting from multiple concussions, such as memory loss, deterioration of cognitive skills, and personality changes. [5]

5. Solution The Early Warning System will monitor changes in acceleration on the helmet to determine if a force impacting the helmet could cause a concussion. Also, it will monitor the player for temperature changes to check for signs of heat stroke. The data gathered from the Early Warning System is then sent to a phone application used by personal trainers or coaches. If the player receives a hard enough hit to cause a concussion, the app will notify the trainer/coach. [6] [7]

6. Technical Constraints Physical DimensionsAll components must be installed inside a football helmet without compromising the integrity of the helmet while minimizing the additional weight Wireless CommunicationsThe wireless transmission must have a range of 100m and communicate with an Android operating system Biometric SensorsTemperature sensors must measure up to 106°F. Accelerometers must measure up to 150g and trigger an alarm at 60g Battery LifeOn-board battery must have a life of 4 – 6 hours and be rechargeable Store DataIntermediate storage will be on the microcontroller RAM. Long-term storage will make use of an external database

7. Practical Constraints SustainabilityImpact and Weather Resistant System must withstand the conditions of inclement weather and the forces associated with contact sports ManufacturabilityEase of Installation and Replacement Must be designed to allow for easy installation and replacement of inoperative or damaged components

8. Sustainability The Early Warning System must operate in the elements and forces associated with outdoor, contact sports Heat/cold Moisture Impacts up to 150 G-forces

9. Manufacturability The Early Warning System must be designed for ease of installation and replacement All-in-one system Plug and play

10. Accelerometer and temperature sensors Microcontroller Phone application User Wireless Communication System Overview

11. PCB Layout

12. PCB Schematic

13. PCB Housing

14. Mobile Application Graphics

15. Website Analytics

16. Testing the Battery Life The top figure shows the full system battery draw; the lower picture shows a more average number Our battery has a rating of 850 mA/hr The battery will power the system for 5.79 hours at full draw, or 21.25 hours for an average case 5.79 hours falls within our design constraint of 4-6 hours

17. System Communication Digital Temperature SensorBluetooth Module

19. Packaged Design

20. Bill of Materials

21. References [1] Football helmets colliding: http://images.thecarconnection.com/med/toyota-ideas-for-good-ad-about- head-injuries-and-football-helmets_100341572_m.jpg [2] Two football players: http://www.thesportsbank.net/core/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Kenny- Britt.jpg [3] E. Brady. (2011, Aug. 15). Heat Related Illness Still Deadly Problem for Athletes [Online]. Available: http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/2011-08-15-heat-stroke-still-causing-death-in-athletes_n.htm. [4] K. Belson. (2014, Jan. 30). Concussions Show Decline of 13 Percent, NFL Says [Online]. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/sports/football/nfl-reports-concussions-dropped-13-percent-in- 2013.html?_r=0. [5] Helmet concussion: http://a.espncdn.com/photo/2012/0824/otl_e_concussion_ill_b1_576.jpg. [6] Football helmet sensor: https://www.theshockbox.com/content/uploads/2012/04/Football-sensor-in- helmet.png. [7] Alert image: http://www.uwrf.edu/Emergency/EmergencyNotifications/images/alertsIconSelf.png.

22. V ITAL S ENSE Questions [1]