1. Paleolithic Era to Agricultural Revolution
SOL 2

2. Early Man
The life of early hunter-gatherer societies was shaped by their physical environment.
The first human ancestors, or hominids, emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago. 
Early hominids walked upright and had opposable thumbs.         

3. Early Human Migration

5. Homo sapiens emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago.
Homo sapiens migrated from…
AFRICA to…
Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.

6. Stone Age: Includes Paleolithic and Neolithic
“Old Stone Age”
Paleolithic Age
“New Stone Age”
Neolithic Age
Early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of wild plants and animals.
During this time, environment shaped how early human societies lived their lives.

7. Paleolithic Age ~ Old Stone Age
Paleolithic humans were hunter-gatherers who wandered from place to place in search of food (wild animals and plants), water and shelter.
These hunter-gatherers were nomads who traveled in clans.

8. Paleolithic Age ~ Old Stone Age
Paleolithic people created simple tools.
They learned how to make fire

9. Paleolithic people had oral language (spoken) and cave art.

10. The Neolithic Age ~ New Stone Age emerges
When people developed agriculture and made permanent settlements, the Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) started.
Early human societies, through the development of culture, began the process of overcoming the limits set by the physical environment.

11. Neolithic Advances Domesticated animals Made advanced tools
Made pottery
Could weave cloth

12. Paleolithic Era (2.5 million BC-8000 BC)
Neolithic Era (8000 BC-3000 BC)
Hunter-gatherer societies during the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age):
Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water, shelter) 
Invented the first tools, including simple weapons 
Learned how to make fire
Lived in clans
Developed oral language
Created “cave art”
                                                                                     
The beginning of settled agriculture (including permanent settlements) was a major step in the advance of civilization.
Socieities during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age):
Developed agriculture
Domesticated animals
Used advanced tools  
 Made pottery 
Developed weaving skills
Established permanent settlements (due to farming)

13. Neolithic Era (8000 BC-3000 BC)
The beginning of settled agriculture (including permanent settlements) was a major step in the advance of civilization.
Socieities during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age):
Developed agriculture
Domesticated animals
Used advanced tools  
 Made pottery 
Developed weaving skills
Established permanent settlements (due to farming)

14. Discovering Prehistory
Primary Source:
First-hand, eyewitness account (most accurate)
Artifacts, Human Remains, Written Records
Secondary Source:
Second-hand source of information (less accurate)
Encyclopedia/ Textbook, Articles that interpret primary sources
Prehistory:
Period before written history
Prehistory Periods
Stone Age
Paleolithic – Old Stone Age
Neolithic – New Stone Age
Copper Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
(onset of written evidence varies by culture)

15. Archaeologists
Archaeologists study cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, fossils, and artifacts.

16. Archaeology
Study of past societies through an analysis of what they left behind.
Artifacts:
Art and Sculpture
Pottery
Tools and Weapons
Buildings &
Monuments
Human Remains
Jewelry

17. Archaeologists
Archaeologists use carbon dating and other techniques to find the age of fossils and other artifacts.

18. Paleontology Fossil: Carbon Dating: Thermoluminescence Dating:
Study of the evolution and interaction of prehistoric life & environments
Fossil:
Carbon Dating:
Used to date organic fossils
All living things possess a radioactive isotope called Carbon 14 (absorbed from the sun)
Carbon 14 has a half-life of 5000 years
Measuring the amount of Carbon left allows scientists to date fossils
Thermoluminescence Dating:
Measures amount of light given off by the electrons in the soil surrounding fossils/artifacts
Can measure up to 200,000 years

19. Anthropology Geology Study of human life and culture Basic Concerns:
What defines homo sapiens?
Who are the ancestors of homo sapiens?
How do humans behave?
Study of the history and composition of the physical matter that constitutes Earth

20. Hominid Discovery Hominid:
Humans and other creatures that walk upright on two feet.
Australopithecines:
First Hominids; 4 million – 1 million BCE
Walked upright; Opposable thumb
Donald Johanson:
1974 (‘Lucy’):
Complete skeleton of an adult female hominid
Mary Leakey:
1978:
Found footprints that dates walking human ancestors to 3,600,000 years ago
The life of early hunter-gatherer societies was shaped by their physical environment.
The first human ancestors, or hominids, emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago. 
Early hominids walked upright and had opposable thumbs.         

21. Humans Evolve Neanderthals: Used simple tools made of lava rock
Homo Habilis:
2.5 million – 1.5 million BCE
‘Man of Skill’
Used simple tools made of lava rock
Location: Eastern Africa
Olduvai Gorge
Great Rift Valley (Eastern Africa)
Homo Erectus:
1.6 million – 30,000 BCE
‘Upright Man’
Developed technology
Hominid Firsts:
to migrate from Africa
India, China, SE Asia, Europe
to use fire
to develop a spoken language
Neanderthals:
200,000 – 30,000 BCE
Location: Europe and SW Asia
Developed religious beliefs and rituals
Ex: funerals
Skills
Utilized stone tools
played music
Homo-Sapiens:
‘Wise Men’
Species of modern men
Cro-Magnon:
40,000 – 8,000 BCE
Prehistoric humans
Location: Europe
Skills:
created art
developed hunting strategies
Advanced spoken language
Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.      
Early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of wild plants and animals.
Early human societies, through the development of culture, began the process of overcoming the limits set by the physical environment.

22. Famous Archaeological Sites
Stonehenge is an example of an archaeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic Age and completed during the Bronze Age.

23. Paleolithic Era (2.5 million BC-8000 BC)
Hunter-gatherer societies during the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age):
Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water, shelter) 
Invented the first tools, including simple weapons 
Learned how to make fire
Lived in clans
Developed oral language
Created “cave art”
                                                                                     

24. Neolithic Era (8000 BC-3000 BC)
The beginning of settled agriculture (including permanent settlements) was a major step in the advance of civilization.
Socieities during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age):
Developed agriculture
Domesticated animals
Used advanced tools  
 Made pottery 
Developed weaving skills