1. Russian Revolution (On the Rise)

2. Causes of Russian Revolution 1) Weak Czar (or tsar) 1) Weak Czar (or tsar) (Russian king / ruler) (Russian king / ruler) 2) Peasants have no rights, no land 2) Peasants have no rights, no land 3) Urbanization  city workers have horrible living and working conditions 3) Urbanization  city workers have horrible living and working conditions 4) Revolutionary ideas  From Karl Marx (Communism) [Bloody Sunday = first mini revolution] 4) Revolutionary ideas  From Karl Marx (Communism) [Bloody Sunday = first mini revolution] 5) WWI – Russia struggles (the “spark”) 5) WWI – Russia struggles (the “spark”)

3. Autocracy = leader has total power In Russia under the Czar: In Russia under the Czar: –Can’t question the Czar: Anyone who questioned the absolute authority of the czar, worshiped outside the Russian Orthodox Church, or spoke another language was considered “dangerous”. –Documents censored: To wipe out revolutionaries, Czar censored (monitored) written documents (including private letters) –Secret police at schools: Carefully watched over the schools – teachers had to send detailed reports on every student. –Political prisoners sent to Siberia: A remote (and freezing!) region of eastern Russia far away from anything.

5. Social Structure of Czarist Russia (prior to the Russian Revolution)

6. Serfs / Peasants: Serfs / Peasants: 90% of population were serfs 90% of population were serfs –Could not own land –No legal rights –Could not travel freely –Taxed heavily

9. Intellectuals: Very small class / # of people Very small class / # of people Well-educated Well-educated Wanted to improve Russia Wanted to improve Russia

10. Clergy: Religious leaders of Russian Orthodox Church (Christian) Religious leaders of Russian Orthodox Church (Christian) Clergy were a part of most Russian’s every day life Clergy were a part of most Russian’s every day life

11. Nobility: Nobility: 1% of population during the 1800s 1% of population during the 1800s Controlled the land and wealth of Russia Controlled the land and wealth of Russia Lived and dressed extravagantly Lived and dressed extravagantly

14. Nobility: Nobility: Included the Czar  for many years Russian czars were corrupt and refused to help peasants have better living and working conditions Included the Czar  for many years Russian czars were corrupt and refused to help peasants have better living and working conditions

15. Does History Repeat Itself?? Predict it! Based on what you have learned this year in history, what do you think could happen here based on what you just learned about the social structure in Russia? Explain. (Write it on your notes and be ready to discuss as social scientists! )

16. Industry in Russia Russia caught up with the rest of Europe and became industrialized with factories & corporations. Russia caught up with the rest of Europe and became industrialized with factories & corporations. Built the world’s longest railroad (Trans- Siberian Railway) Built the world’s longest railroad (Trans- Siberian Railway)

17. BUT! Bad working conditions in factories, low wages, child labor. -Government outlawed unions (which protect workers rights) (What have we learned about what workers can do when their demands for better working conditions are ignored?)

18. Communism The idea that society should be led by the working class of people (not corporations) where all people are equal No rich vs. poor No rich vs. poor Nobody in charge of somebody else Nobody in charge of somebody else Everybody contributes to society equally Everybody contributes to society equally Everybody benefits equally from what society produces Everybody benefits equally from what society produces People must cooperate and all believe in communism together for it to work. People must cooperate and all believe in communism together for it to work. –(What do you think - is it possible???)

19. Karl Marx: Founder of communism

20. Meet Karl Marx German German Wrote the “Communist Manifesto” – argues that capitalism will produce tension between people (rich vs. poor) which will lead to the destruction of society. Wrote the “Communist Manifesto” – argues that capitalism will produce tension between people (rich vs. poor) which will lead to the destruction of society. Says that people must have a revolution to change capitalism (a result of the corporations) Says that people must have a revolution to change capitalism (a result of the corporations)

21. Followers of Marx believed that the industrial class of workers would overthrow the czar and workers (called “the proletariat”) would rule the country & own everything together.

22. Nicholas II – Czar of Russia & his family

23. Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905 First mini-revolution against Czarist Russia. 200,000 workers and their families were unarmed, peaceful and hungry. Demonstrators marched to the palace to ask the czar for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature (democracy).

25. …they were gunned down by the czar’s guards

26. More than 1,000 wounded, several hundred were killed.