1. Henry VIII (8 th ) …and the Merry Wives of Windsor

2. King Henry VIII of England

3. Henry VIII Born in 1491, the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Born in 1491, the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. His older brother was King first, but then died. His older brother was Prince Arthur and he died in 1502, and he succeeded as king in 1509. His older brother was King first, but then died. His older brother was Prince Arthur and he died in 1502, and he succeeded as king in 1509. Henry VIII became king at 11. Henry VIII became king at 11.

4. Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII married his brother’s widow, Catherine of Aragon, in 1509. She produced only one surviving child, a girl, Princess Mary, born in 1516. Henry VIII married his brother’s widow, Catherine of Aragon, in 1509. She produced only one surviving child, a girl, Princess Mary, born in 1516. By the end of the 1520s, Henry’s wife was in her forties and he was desperate for a son. By the end of the 1520s, Henry’s wife was in her forties and he was desperate for a son. Regardless, Henry fell in love with Anne Boleyn, the sister of one of his many mistresses (it was generally assumed that she was his chambermaid). Regardless, Henry fell in love with Anne Boleyn, the sister of one of his many mistresses (it was generally assumed that she was his chambermaid).

5. Catherine of Aragon

6. Anne Boleyn Henry tried to persuade the Pope to grant a divorce from Catherine of Aragon (actually, an annulment). Henry tried to persuade the Pope to grant a divorce from Catherine of Aragon (actually, an annulment). The Pope would not grant the annulment. The Pope would not grant the annulment. English Reformation English Reformation 1532, the “Act Against Annates,” was a clear threat to the current Roman Catholic Pope and that monetary revenue was under threat 1532, the “Act Against Annates,” was a clear threat to the current Roman Catholic Pope and that monetary revenue was under threat In 1532, the Archbishop of Canterbury declared the marriage invalid between Catherine and Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn was crowned a week later as Queen and became Henry VIII’s wife. In 1532, the Archbishop of Canterbury declared the marriage invalid between Catherine and Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn was crowned a week later as Queen and became Henry VIII’s wife.

7. Anne Boleyn

8. Church of England The Pope responded with excommunication and Henry the VIII decided to break with the Roman Cathoic Church. The Pope responded with excommunication and Henry the VIII decided to break with the Roman Cathoic Church. This act and major shift forced people in the United Kingdom to choose sides: Church of England or Catholicism This act and major shift forced people in the United Kingdom to choose sides: Church of England or Catholicism This was also known as the English Protestant Reformation This was also known as the English Protestant Reformation

9. Bye, bye, Anne… Anne Boleyn had a child, Princess Elizabeth. But she wasn’t a boy. Anne Boleyn had a child, Princess Elizabeth. But she wasn’t a boy. Henry got rid of her on charges of treason and she was executed. Henry got rid of her on charges of treason and she was executed. In 1537, her replacement, Jane Seymour, finally bore him a son. He was later to become King Edward VI. In 1537, her replacement, Jane Seymour, finally bore him a son. He was later to become King Edward VI. Jane died right after giving birth in 1537. Jane died right after giving birth in 1537.

10. Jane Seymour

11. Bye, bye, Jane… Henry made two more marriages, to Katherine Howard and Catherine Parr. Henry made two more marriages, to Katherine Howard and Catherine Parr. Katherine Howard was executed on charges of adultery. She did not produce any children, especially not a boy. Katherine Howard was executed on charges of adultery. She did not produce any children, especially not a boy. Catherine Parr survived Henry VIII when he died in 1548. She also did not produce any children. Catherine Parr survived Henry VIII when he died in 1548. She also did not produce any children.

12. Katherine Howard

13. Catherine Parr

14. King Edward VI Henry VIII’s only son Henry VIII’s only son Became king after his father died. He was king at the age of nine. He was intellectually curious, but physically weak (result of inter-marriages?). Became king after his father died. He was king at the age of nine. He was intellectually curious, but physically weak (result of inter-marriages?). King of England 1547-1553 (died of TB) King of England 1547-1553 (died of TB) During Edwards VI’s reign, England became more Protestand/Church of England. During Edwards VI’s reign, England became more Protestand/Church of England.

15. King Edward VI

16. Lady Jane Grey Right before Edward VI’s death, Lady Jane Grey, one of Henry VIII’s great-nieces and a claimant to the throne (and Northumberland, the king’s advisor, daughter), quickly married Lord Guilford Dudley, who was the son of one of the King’s other advisors. This gave Northumberland, the advisor, a better position with the monarchy. Right before Edward VI’s death, Lady Jane Grey, one of Henry VIII’s great-nieces and a claimant to the throne (and Northumberland, the king’s advisor, daughter), quickly married Lord Guilford Dudley, who was the son of one of the King’s other advisors. This gave Northumberland, the advisor, a better position with the monarchy. Lady Jane Grey becomes Queen Lady Jane Grey becomes Queen Although the country rallies towards Mary, Catherine of Aragon’s daughter, and a devout Catholic. Although the country rallies towards Mary, Catherine of Aragon’s daughter, and a devout Catholic.

17. Mary I Jane reigned for only nine days. Jane reigned for only nine days. Was later executed with her husband in 1554. Was later executed with her husband in 1554. Mary I was the first queen through her own right rather than marrying a king. Mary I was the first queen through her own right rather than marrying a king. An act of Parliament in 1533 declared her illegitimate and removed her from the succession from the throne (her parent’s marriage was “annulled”.) An act of Parliament in 1533 declared her illegitimate and removed her from the succession from the throne (her parent’s marriage was “annulled”.) Mary restored Catholicism in England, but not for long. Mary restored Catholicism in England, but not for long.

18. Mary I (a.k.a. Bloody Mary) Anyone not adhering to Roman Catholic ways was considered a heretic and led to treason. Anyone not adhering to Roman Catholic ways was considered a heretic and led to treason. Around 300 Protestant heretics were burnt in three years Around 300 Protestant heretics were burnt in three years Mary married King Philip of Spain in 1556 Mary married King Philip of Spain in 1556 Their marriage was childless. Also, England’s allegiance with Spain dragged England into war with France. Their marriage was childless. Also, England’s allegiance with Spain dragged England into war with France.

19. Mary, Bloody Mary

20. Mary I Mary died of ill-health (maybe cancer) in 1559. Mary died of ill-health (maybe cancer) in 1559. Elizabeth I becomes Queen, who is Mary I’s half- sister. Elizabeth I becomes Queen, who is Mary I’s half- sister. Elizabeth is Ann Boleyn’s daugher (the chambermaid’s daughter). Elizabeth is Ann Boleyn’s daugher (the chambermaid’s daughter).

21. Queen Elizabeth I

22. Was always considered illegitimate, however was the biological daughter of Henry VIII Was always considered illegitimate, however was the biological daughter of Henry VIII She was well-educated, smart, spoke six languages, and was shrewd. While she was considered “illegitimate,” she was given a strong education. She was well-educated, smart, spoke six languages, and was shrewd. While she was considered “illegitimate,” she was given a strong education. She reigned for 45 years. She reigned for 45 years. Known as the Vigin Queen Known as the Vigin Queen She established a compromise between the Church of England and Roman Catholicism She established a compromise between the Church of England and Roman Catholicism

23. Queen Elizabeth I During her reign, many voyages of discovery happened During her reign, many voyages of discovery happened The arts also flourished during her reign. She promoted artists, authors and playwrights. The arts also flourished during her reign. She promoted artists, authors and playwrights. She rode on horseback rather than on carriages as much as she could. She rode on horseback rather than on carriages as much as she could. There were plots against her death, many coming from Mary, Queen of Scots (a likely successor to Elizabeth). There were plots against her death, many coming from Mary, Queen of Scots (a likely successor to Elizabeth).

24. Queen Elizabeth I She held Mary, Queen of Scots, prisoner for 19 years. She held Mary, Queen of Scots, prisoner for 19 years. She was eventually brought to trial. Elizabeth wrote to her, “You have planned…to take my life and ruin my kingdom…I never proceeded so harshly against you.” She was eventually brought to trial. Elizabeth wrote to her, “You have planned…to take my life and ruin my kingdom…I never proceeded so harshly against you.” Elizabeth’s advisors urged her to put Mary to trial. She did, reluctantly. Mary was found guilty and executed in 1587. Elizabeth’s advisors urged her to put Mary to trial. She did, reluctantly. Mary was found guilty and executed in 1587.