1. UNIT 4 EUROPE

2. The SWBAT have a brief understanding of the history of Europe from the Greek and Roman Days to the present time. May 3/4 th ■Journal#1: List 3 things about Europe that is different from Africa ■CNN Student News ■Finish Map ■Complete European Terms Assignment

3. The SWBAT what the European Union is and how it affects the countries of Europe ■Journal#2: From what you may know about the countries of Europe what is one thing you think you like about it and one thing you don’t like about it? ■CNN Student News ■European Union notes ■European Country Project

4. Research for next class Research a country in Europe that you like. This research can be done on your phone, from the textbook, or from a computer at home. You will pick three things from the following list, research them, and report back to the class. Pick stuff that is interesting. This may be a place that you would be interested in going on vacation to. It is worth 20 points. ■Sports, ■Culture, ■Religion, ■Economics, ■tourist attractions, ■Historical places, ■Geographic areas (ex. Mountains, rivers, lakes, etc), ■Government/laws, ■food, ■music, ■entertainment, ■education, ■etc, etc.

5. Europe

6. Great Cities

7. Ancient Heritage Great History

8. Ancient Greece and Rome established a standard of excellence by which later societies measured their culture. Parthenon in Athens Greece: Temple to the goddess Athena completed in 438 BC 2000 BC – 476 AD

9. Ancient Greece Athens and Sparta Two major city states each had their own government, laws, and army. Geography led to trade and borrowing of beneficial ideas Mountains cut them off from each other Developed individual city- states known as polis

10. Athenian Contributions Social – Pluralistic Society Encouraged free expression, new ideas, and change Political – Direct Democracy All native-born free males, citizens over 18, took part in lawmaking assembly. Citizens were educated, loyal, and willing to run the city-state

11. Spartan Contributions Social – Monolithic Society Only one way of thinking and behaving Political – Totalitarian State Government controlled every part of the lives of its people-limited freedom and demanded complete loyalty

12. Ancient Rome People were united under one government centered in Rome and they expanded their territory through wars. Political concepts, ideas, and laws originated during the Roman Empire. “Every road leads to Rome…”

13. Roman Contributions Social Architecture Massive structures Engineering Extensive roads and bridges Apian Way – aqueducts carry water from country to cities Language Latin of Rome is the basis of Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and English

14. Roman Contributions Political Republic – Government had to run by elected officials. Rome was large, so people couldn’t effectively participate directly in running the government Real power held by Senate – represented upper class Two Consuls: served as heads of state Twelve Tables of Law – protected Roman citizens Justice – innocent until proved guilty

15. Attracted the poor and slaves because of preaching’s of equality and brotherhood In 312 AD, Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and the church became one of the most important institutions in western Europe. Roman Contributions Religion Growth of Christianity

16. The Fall of Rome Political Corrupt government, assassinations common, power went to strongest general Economic Heavy taxation, high unemployment, decline in trade Social Selfish attitude, Lack of patriotism In 395 BCE Rome divided into two parts: Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) Capital: Constantinople Flourished Western Roman Empire Capital: Rome Declined into Dark Ages

17. The Middle Ages Early Middle Ages (500-1000 C.E) Late Middle Ages (1000 – 1500 C.E.) Both Ages made social, political, economic, and religious contributions

18. Early Middle Ages: Contributions Social and Political: Feudalism Social Classes: Kings, lords, knights, vassals, peasants (or serfs) and townspeople Social Mobility was non-existent Kings, lords, and knights were noble elites bound by code of behavior known as chivalry Only relief peasants or serfs had was Christian promise of heaven as a reward for a good life

20. Early Middle Ages: Contributions In 1054 AD the Christian Church in Europe split into two churches Eastern or Orthodox Became church of Byzantine Empire and Russia Roman Catholic Church Dominant religious institution in Western Europe

21. Late Middle Ages Anti-Semitism as Jews were put in ghettos Muslim Persecution Considered enemies of church Crusades (holy wars) against Turks Crusades resulted in an exchange of ideas from contact with the advanced Muslim world People became curious about the world around them; renewed interest in learning began Main Contribution in Religion – Catholic Church

22. Renaissance (1350 – 1650 AD)  Began in Italy – 14 th Century  Rebirth of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome  Renewed interest in secular and worldly matters  Emphasis upon uniqueness and worth of the individual

23. Renaissance: Contributions  Science  Copernicus  Heliocentric theory – sun center of universe with mathematical formulas  Galileo Galilei  Telescope  Against what church taught and tried as heretic (a Christian that disagrees with official Church doctrine)

24. The Protestant Reformation  Objected to the teachings of the Catholic Church church and attempted reformation  Spread his ideas through by using the Printing Press Martin Luther

25. Reformation: Contributions Protestant: looked to Bible as source of truth Calvinism: predestination and the theory of the elect Henry VIII of England: Act of Supremacy in 1543 which created and established a national religion

26. Age of Exploration and Colonization (1450 – 1750) Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator (school for sailors – went down African coast) Bartholemeu Dias (reached the Cape of Good Hope) Vasco da Gama (rounded cape and reached India) – water route safer and more profitable than overland Spain Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan (first to circumnavigate the earth) Amerigo Vespucci Desire to find a new route to the riches of Asia

27. Colonies: The effects and the impact of building empires Competition for colonies led to war among European powers Ethnocentric Attitude: Mistreatment of natives (Mayas, Aztecs, Incas) Slave Trade: Violations of human rights and harmful effect on development of African civilizations Christianity spread throughout world Establishment of Colonial Empires

28. Europe Egypt, Middle East, China Large quantities of rainfall Limited need for irrigation Limited need for centralization of authority Few major geographic boundaries Limited Rainfall Agriculture dependent on large public works Highly centralized authority Major geographical boundaries Does Geography Matter? Europe

29. Does Geography Matter? In Europe river systems provide Drinking water Sanitation Sewer/trash disposal Trade opportunities Not required for agriculture Agriculture is based on rainfall Allows for urbanization Farmers Craftsmen Aristocracy Individualized Wealth Independent of State Origins of the Middle Class

30. The SWBAT understand how the European Union influences the countries of Europe. 5-9-16 ■Journal #3: What was the most surprising thing you learned about Europe last class? ■Video clip ■Finish notes on Europe ■Go to Library to finish European Union Brochure This is due next A- Friday (5/13) or B- Monday (5/16)

31. The SWBAT understand the causes and consequences of the French Revolution 5-11-16 ■Journal#4: What is the difference between a revolution, civil war, and a war? ■Europe Quiz ■French Revolution assignment ■French Revolution notes ■French Revolution video clip

32. 1789-1799 French Revolution

33. Three Estates 1 st Estate: 2 nd Estate: 3 rd Estate: Peasants and Bourgeoisie Church Clergy Nobility

34. Five Main Causes Absolute Monarchy Estate System Economic Inequality Enlightenment Period Other Revolutions “ Just let them eat cake ”.

35. New Order Tennis Court Oath National Assembly Peasants raided the Bastille, which was a royal fortress for ammunition Clergy and common people met to bury their differences and change things Less taxes and fair laws 1791 a new constitution was adopted

36. King’s New Role He could remain in power, but an elected assembly would make the laws King Louis tried to have other countries attack France He ended up trying to leave 1793 he was sentenced to death

37. Committee of Public Safety Maximilian Robespierre was in charge and took it a little too far Executions and Turmoil

38. The Revolution A bloody era with over 16,000 people guillotined Napoleon Bonaparte took over and implemented a new constitution in 1799 In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor of France Revolution ended and a new empire began “Women are nothing but machines for producing children” – Napoleon Bonaparte

39. Effects and Consequences Start of the modern world Napoleonic Code Equality and Human Rights Slavery was abolished in French Colonies Republic based on bourgeois replaced the monarchy More patriotism for country instead of the monarchy Feudalism Ends

40. The students will continue to examine, explore, and study the religion, culture, government, economics, and geography of Europe. The students will identify Russia, the USSR, and will be able to define the Communist Bloc. ■5-13-16 ■Journal#5: List 3 things you know about recent European History (1900 to present.) List two things prior to 1900 you are aware of from European history. ■Crash Course: Cold War ■Eastern Europe/Russia notes ■Unit 4 Review ■European Brochure DUE ■TEST NEXT CLASS

41. Large topographic and climatic diversity Spans two continents (11 time zones) Eastern Europe and Russia

42. Russia: Former USSR or Soviet Union - largest nation in the world. 25% of Russia is in Eastern Europe and 75% is in Asia Russia

43. Climate – weather varies dramatically (-30 is common, even colder in Siberia) Coal, oil, iron ore, natural gas, manganese, gold, lead, etc. Siberia is large untapped area – hard to extract because of frozen conditions Desire for warm ports has influenced Russia’s foreign policy to control the satellite nations surrounding Russia Russia Facts

44. The Russian Revolution of 1917 ended the monarchy. Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Bolshevik party was heavily influenced by Karl Marx Lenin turned Russia to a communist state (USSR) Communism would survive in Russia until the early 1990’s Russian: The rise of the USSR

45. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote “The Communist Manifesto” Communism: Theory that all people should own farms and factories, share in the work equally, and receive an equal share of rewards Huge split between rich and poor at the time Peasants supported because land was redistributed Russia: The rise of the USSR

46. Dictator Joseph Stalin succeeded Lenin in 1924. He sent many to Siberia prison camps that opposed his plans. His people lived in terror as set up collectivism, which many resisted. Million’s died of starvation. Russian History

47. Cold War: Extreme tension without an actual war from 1945 to 1991. Eastern Europe forced into communism after WW II – cut off contact with the West Tried to expand communism beyond Eastern Europe – The United States was determined to stop this NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 and its members agreed to protect one another from communist attack in Europe Russian History

48. Communist Bloc: Soviet Union and other communist nations of Eastern Europe Berlin Wall: Built by the East Germans in 1961, sealed off East Berlin from West Berlin 1989 November – East German leaders could no longer count on support from Soviet Union. Berlin Wall torn down and country reunified. Break-up of the Communist Bloc

49. Many Eastern European countries broke away from Soviet control to include: Poland, East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Armenia, Latvia, and Estonia. Communist Bloc

50. Mikhail Gorbachev: The last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the last head of state of the USSR. Served from 1985-1991. Russian History – Times of Change

51. Boris Yeltsin – President after Gorbachev Leader during transition from communist dictatorship to a democratic government and steered Russia toward a free market Challenge - converting a command to a market economy Industries and farms were privatized, but this created food shortages and unemployment Without government control prices rose and crime increased. Poor Russians resented rich. They wanted stability and a return to communism. Russian History

52. Vladimir Putin – Former member of KGB. Praised for his economic reforms, but questioned for his human rights violations. Recent History