2. According to this geological time scale, Which geologic time period was the longest? __________ How long? ___ According to the time scale, near the end of which era did the dinosaurs become extinct? __________________ According to the time scale, describe the most recent geologic event to occur? Describe what type of environment early forms of life survived within? Was there oxygen present during the Silurian Period? ________________________ How did you come to this conclusion? According to the time scale, how many years ago did the extinction of the dinosaurs occur? _________________

6. Studying the figure of horse fossils, describe what happened to the size of the horse? ______________________ The earliest horse had circle one (oneor many) toes. How many toes does a modern horse have? ___________________________ What is it called? (use your own experience to answer) _______________________________.

8. Biogeography is the study of how species are distributed spatially across the landscape (geographically). How species are distributed provides evidence for evolution. The distribution of many species does not make sense, unless they shared a common ancestor. For example, if species were static (unchanging), then you would expect to find the same species in areas with similar environmental conditions around the world. Evolutionary theory, however, predicts that modern species should be found close to where their ancestors were, regardless of the environmental conditions. Use the poster to answer the questions below: Which island is most likely to have been colonized first and which last? (You will need to analyze map 1) Tell why you think so. First _________________________________Last _______________________________ Where did the common ancestors of the Canary Islands probably originate from? (use map 1 to answer) ____________________________________________ Does the presence of four morphologically different populations ofG. galloti on the four westernmost islands (Map 2) imply continuing evolution? Be sure to explain why.Map 2 Which island is more likely to resemble their common ancestor from Africa? Why? ______________________ Which island will have more species diversity? Why? ____________________

10. What is an embryo? ___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________ The adult forms of these organisms look very circle one ( similar or different ). The earliest embryos look very circle one ( similarordifferent ). From observations of these embryos, Which organisms are MOST closely related? Chickens and Humansc. Fish and Pigs Pigs and Humansd. Turtles and Pigs From observations of these embryos, Which organisms are LEAST closely related? Fish and Turtlesc. Pigs and Chickens Fish and Humansd. Pigs and Humans Embryos that are MOST alike are those that are the circle one ( mostor least ) closely related. Embryos that are LEAST alike are those that are the circle one ( mostorleast ) closely related.

12. Define the following: HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE: _____________________________________________________________ ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE: _______________________________________________________________ VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE: _________________________________________________________________ Refer to Figure C. Are these structures in Figure C circle one homologous or analogous structures? Explain your reasoning using complete sentences. Refer to Figure C. What is the function of these skeletal structures? Refer to Figure C. Anatomy shows that these animals circle one ( Do or Do Not ) have a common ancestor. Refer to Figure D. Are these structures in Figure D circle one homologous or analogous structures? Explain your reasoning using complete sentences. Refer to Figure D. What is the function of these skeletal structures? How is a bird wing different structurally than a bee wing? Refer to Figure D. Anatomy shows that these animals circle one ( Do or Do Not ) have a common ancestor. Refer to Figure D. Anatomy shows that birds and bees are circle one ( distant or close ) relatives. Refer to Figure D. Birds and bees circle one ( did or did not ) develop along the same evolutionary “branch”. Refer to Figure E. Explain how a vestigial structure is evidence for evolution? Refer to Figure E. Why might a whale have a pelvis and femur in its skeletal structure? Explain your answer.

14. Using the Hemoglobin Chart, Compile these amino acid differences in Table : Table: amino acid difference between humans/species pairs. If the amino acid sequences in homologous proteins of two organisms are similar, what can you conclude about the DNA of the two organisms? In humans and gorillas there is a difference of only one amino acid in one chain of hemoglobin. Give a possible explanation for this. Using the hemoglobin data you collected, which organisms appear most closely related to humans? _________________ Which appear to be least related to humans? _____________________

15. Organisms Number of Amino Acid Differences Positions # where they vary Human/ chimpanzee0 Human/ gorilla1104 Human/ rhesus monkey Human/ horse Human/ kangaroo