1. Non-Sporeforming Anaerobes D

2. Stains gram-variable or gram-negative, but not a gram-negative cell wall

3. Non-Sporeforming Anaerobes (cont.)

4. Most Common Sites of Anaerobic Infection

5. Characteristics of Anaerobic Infection

6. Characteristic Clinical Signs of Anaerobic Infection

7. Anaerobic Gram-Positive Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections

8. Gram-Positive Non-sporeforming Anaerobes NOTE: Figure legend in text indicates that each of these organisms is a bacillus (i.e., rod- shaped). This is INCORRECT. Peptostreptococcus is, as the name indicates, a coccus.

9. Diseases Associated with Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

10. Gram Stain and Macroscopic Colonies of Actinomyces NOTE: Molar tooth appearance of colonies on agar can help remind us that the oral cavity is a common niche for Actinomyces.

11. Actinomyces Infections

12. Cervicofacial Actinomycosis NOTE: Sinus tract originating in oral cavity has made it’s way to the surface at the jawline.

13. Colonized IUD Resulting in Pelvic Actinomycosis

14. Epidemiology of Actinomycosis

15. Sulfur Granule from Sinus Tract of Actinomycotic Infection

16. Epidemiology of Propionibacterium (doxycycline)

17. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections

18. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections

19. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections (cont.)

20. Clinically Predominant Anaerobic Gram-Negatives

21. Broad Classes of Virulence Factors Associated with Gram-Neg. Anaerobes  Adhesins  Protection from:  Oxygen toxicity  Phagocytosis  Tissue Destruction

22. Anaerobic Gram-Neg. Virulence Factors

23. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Virulence Factors (cont.)

24. Epidemiology of Bacteroides

25. Bacteroides Gram Stain

26. Bacteroides Virulence Factors

27. [1] [5] [3] [4] [2] [6] [8] [7] SUBUNIT DEAD LIVE MIXED + + Bacteroides Pathogenicity

28. REVIEW Non-Sporeforming Anaerobes

29. Characteristics of Anaerobic Infection REVIEW

30. Characteristic Clinical Signs of Anaerobic Infection REVIEW

31. Most Common Sites of Anaerobic Infection REVIEW

32. Review of Anaerobic Gram-Positive Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections REVIEW

33. Gram-Positive Non-sporeforming Anaerobes REVIEW

34. Actinomyces Infections REVIEW

35. Epidemiology of Actinomycosis REVIEW

36. Epidemiology of Propionibacterium (doxycycline) REVIEW

37. Review of Anaerobic Gram-Negative Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections REVIEW

38. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections REVIEW

39. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections (cont.) REVIEW

40. Clinically Predominant Anaerobic Gram-Negatives REVIEW

41. Broad Classes of Virulence Factors Associated with Gram-Neg. Anaerobes  Adhesins  Protection from:  Oxygen toxicity  Phagocytosis  Tissue Destruction REVIEW

42. Anaerobic Gram-Neg. Virulence Factors REVIEW

43. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Virulence Factors (cont.) REVIEW

44. Epidemiology of Bacteroides REVIEW

45. Bacteroides Virulence Factors REVIEW

46. [1] [5] [3] [4] [2] [6] [8] [7] SUBUNIT DEAD LIVE MIXED + + Bacteroides Pathogenicity REVIEW