1. “I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed…
“I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed…. It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death….My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun stands, I will fight no more forever.” Who might have made the statement and why? Respond in writing.

2. Chief Joseph

3. Photograph of Chief Joseph speaking to Alice Cunningham Fletcher and her interpreter James Stuart

4. Dawes Act of 1887
Authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide the area into allotments for the individual Native American.
Indian tribes were officially abolished.
Enacted February 8, 1887, and named for its sponsor, U.S. Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts.
Government held trust for twenty-five years and made Native Americans citizens.
*Burke Act of 1906 postponed citizenship.

5. Ghost Dance
Religious movement incorporated into Native American belief systems to fend off the evil spirits.
Jack Wilson “Wovoka” founded the movement trying to bring a nonviolent end to Euro-American expansion while preaching messages of clean living, an honest life, and cross-cultural cooperation.

6. Jack Wilson “Wavoka”

7. Ghost Dance Instigated the Wounded Knee massacre in 1890.
Resulting in the deaths of 391 Lakota Sioux.

11. “In the beginning, God made the earth, and then sent the Christ to earth to teach the people, but white men had treated him badly, leaving scars on his body, and so he had gone back to heaven. Now he had returned to earth as an Indian, and he was to renew everything as it used to be and make it better.” A Paiute Indian named Wovoka

12. Conflict Resolution Land allotment Term of land trust Citizenship
Assimilation
Coexisting
Eminent Domain
Appropriation of funds
Exemptions

13. Conflict Resolution
Could Indians and white Americans peacefully coexist?
Which policy was unjust? What policy might have been better?

14. Indian Removal Act of 1830
Authorized the President to conduct treaties to exchange Native American land east of the Mississippi River for lands west of the river.

15. Treaty of New Echota Signed by Cherokees
Brutally enforced by President Martin Van Buren
Estimated 4,000 Cherokees (mostly from disease) on the Trail of Tears.

16. Indian Appropriations Act
United States Congress passed the Indian Appropriations Act in 1851.

17. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act or the Indian New Deal.
Laid out new rights for Native Americans, reversed some of the earlier privatization of their common holdings, and encouraged self-government and land management by tribes.