1. Vocab unit 5 States of Consciousness

2. an awareness of ourselves and our environment.

3. Consciousness

4. a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

5. Narcolepsy

6. a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

7. Sleep Apnea

8. drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

9. Stimulants

10. drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment, tranquilizers

11. Barbiturates

12. a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

13. LSD

14. the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

15. THC

16. a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin- producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

17. Ecstasy (MDMA)

18. an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

19. Near-Death Experience

20. psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

21. Hallucinogens

22. = compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

23. Addiction

24. periodic, natural loss of consciousness –

25. Sleep

26. the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

27. Delta Waves

28. non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.

29. NREM Sleep

30. false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

31. Hallucinations

32. recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

33. Insomnia

34. the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

35. Circadian Rhythm

36. rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep state during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

37. REM Sleep

38. the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

39. Alpha Waves

40. a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

41. Physical Dependence

42. = a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

43. Psychoactive Drug

44. the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.

45. Tolerance

46. = the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

47. Withdrawal

48. a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike occur during Stage 4 sleep,

49. Night Terrors

50. according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

51. Manifest Content

52. according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).

53. Latent Content

54. a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

55. Dream

56. drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

57. Amphetamines

58. opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

59. Opiates

60. drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

61. Depressants

62. a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

63. Psychological Dependence

64. a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

65. Dissociation

66. a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

67. Posthypnotic Suggestion

68. a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

69. Hypnosis

70. the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

71. REM Rebound