1. Societal Control Morality and law Fear

2. Pope Pope College of Cardinals College of Cardinals Archbishops Archbishops Bishops Bishops Priests Priests Laypeople Laypeople

6. Between 1520 and 1540 Between 1520 and 1540 A shift in religious practices in Western Europe from a closed Catholic society to one which included multiple Christian denominations. A shift in religious practices in Western Europe from a closed Catholic society to one which included multiple Christian denominations. Protestant comes from??? Protestant comes from???

7. Power Struggles Power Struggles – Inside the Church – With Secular Rulers Wealth Wealth Service Fees and Indulgences Service Fees and Indulgences – Indulgence: Forgiveness for sins individuals could purchase in order to reduce the amount of time spent in purgatory

8. 1483 – 1546; German 1483 – 1546; German Monk Monk Professor of Theology Professor of Theology 95 Theses and Criticisms of Church 95 Theses and Criticisms of Church

9. Argument against Indulgences Argument against Indulgences John (Johann) Tetzel John (Johann) Tetzel

10. 1.Salvation only possible trough faith 2.Bible is the sole source of religious truth 3.Priests and Church hierarchy do NOT have special powers ~ Equal access to faith 4.Reject 5 of 7 sacraments 5.Banned indulgences, confession, pilgrimages, prayers to saints. 6.Simple mass 7.Clergy can marry.

11. Everyone gets one (girls and boys) Everyone gets one (girls and boys)

12. Read the worksheet on Luther’s and faith. As you read, make sure to underline / highlight important information and take notes in the margin. Read the worksheet on Luther’s and faith. As you read, make sure to underline / highlight important information and take notes in the margin. Discuss and answer the following with a partner in your notebooks: Discuss and answer the following with a partner in your notebooks: – How does Luther define faith? – What are three examples of faith according to Luther? – What are three examples of what faith is not? – Why is it impossible to separate faith from good works?

13. Identify the following terms/people – – Martin Luther – – John Calvin – – 95 Theses – – Indulgence – – Predestination

14. Church says recant Church says recant Luther refuses Luther refuses Diet of Worms Diet of Worms – Excommunication (banished from Church) – Edict of Worms

15. Influence of printing press Influence of printing press Many different types of people embraced Lutheranism for many differences. Many different types of people embraced Lutheranism for many differences. – Clergy – Rulers – Peasants Holy Roman Emperor Charles V or Charles I of Spain Holy Roman Emperor Charles V or Charles I of Spain Peasants Revolt of 1525 Peasants Revolt of 1525 Peace of Augsburg 1555 Peace of Augsburg 1555

16. Scottish Reformer Scottish Reformer Overthrew Catholic Queen Overthrew Catholic Queen Set up Scottish Presbyterian Church Set up Scottish Presbyterian Church

17. French Theologian French Theologian Teachings: Teachings: – Salvation gained through faith (like Luther) – Bible only source of religious truth (like Luther) – Predestination – Should try to live like saints City of Geneva City of Geneva – Theocracy: Government run by church leaders and according to faith

18. In Germany, France, the Netherlands, England, and Scotland In Germany, France, the Netherlands, England, and Scotland Opposition Opposition – Germans v. Catholics and Lutherans – Huguenots v. Catholics – Dutch Reformed Church – Scottish v. Catholics (John Knox v. Mary Queen of Scots)

19. The English and Catholic Reformations

20. The English Reformation King Henry VIII Helps Reformation Ideas Spread

21. King Henry VIII

22. Why Reformation in England? King Henry VIII decides to break England away from the Catholic Church because the Pope would not Annul his marriage to Catherine of Argon (Spain) He wanted a male heir for his throne and bloodline.

23. Pope Clement VII

24. A Problem Arises Pope Clement VII will not grant King Henry his annulment, in part due to it being against the rules of Catholicism, but also because Catherine was the aunt of Charles V, the Emperor of Rome and it would have offended him.

25. Charles V

26. Was divorce the only reason for The Reformation??? As German Nobility did for Luther's revolt, King Henry saw the opportunity to break from the Pope’s power. In a sense it was a win/win situation for Henry because the people had much discontent for the corruption of the church and he could get his chance for a heir through the annulment.

27. What does this all mean??? A). King Henry did not have to kick back funding to the Pope B). Could now seize all land and wealth from Catholic Convents and give it to other nobles and friends. C). Gain support from the people disapproving of the churches corruption. D). Got a chance to get a male heir.

28. Catholicism Pre - Henry VIII When Henry became king in 1509, the church in England was as: Head of the Church : the pope based in Rome Church services : held in Latin Prayers : all said in Latin Bible : written in Latin Priests : not allowed to marry

29. King Henry VIII By the death of Henry in 1547, the church in England was as follows : Head of the Church : the king Church services : held in Latin Prayers : most said in Latin. The "Lord’s Prayer" was said in English Bible : written in English Priests : not allowed to marry.

30. Changes??? Henry was not a religious radical, and actually rejected much of the Protestant doctrines Besides breaking away from Rome and allowing for the use of the English Bible, he kept most Catholic forms of worship.

31. Death of King Henry VIII Henry dies in 1547, his son Edward, 10, rules under Protestant faith. Edward dies in his teens leaving the throne to Mary Tudor who rules under Catholic faith, which causes Religious controversy in England and persecution of Protestants.

32. Elizabethan Settlement Bloody Mary dies in 1558 leaving the throne to Elizabeth I (1533-1603). She restores unity to England under reforms call the Elizabethan Settlement through a Compromise or middle ground of the two religions.

33. English Reformation King Henry –1: Catherine of Aragon: Divorce – Mary 1 –2: Anne Boleyn: beheaded – Elizabeth 1 –3: Jayne Seymore: died at childbirth – Edward VI –4: Anne of Cleves: political: ugly divorce –5: Catherine Howard: beheaded –6: Catherine Parr: outlived him

34. Act of Supremacy 1534 ?

35. Question Anabaptists? Catholic Reform / Reaction –Jesuits: Ignatius Layola –Reform of Papacy: Pope Paul III –Council of Trent: 1545 – conservative

36. Its Good to be the King…

37. Catherine of Aragon “Humble and Loyal” (1485 – 1536) Q:1509 – 1533 Divorced

38. Anne Boleyn “The Most Happy” (1500? – 1536) Q:1533 – 1536 Beheaded

39. Henry VIII Henry VIII – Political Reasons Break with Rome Break with Rome – Act of Supremacy (1534)

41. Beliefs very similar to Catholicism Beliefs very similar to Catholicism Closing of Monasteries (1536- 1540) Closing of Monasteries (1536- 1540) Use of English Bible Use of English Bible

42. Good Christian people, I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die, and therefore I will speak nothing against it. I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never: and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. And if any person will meddle of my cause, I require them to judge the best. And thus I take my leave of the world and of you all, and I heartily desire you all to pray for me. O Lord have mercy on me, to God I commend my soul. After being blindfolded and kneeling at the block, she repeated several times: To Jesus Christ I commend my soul; Lord Jesu receive my soul. Recorded by Edward Hall (spelling modernized)

43. Jane Seymour “Bound to Obey and Serve” (1509 – 1537) Q: 1536 - 1537 Died in Childbirth

44. Anne of Cleves “God Send Me Well To Keep” (1515 – 1557) Q: 1540 Divorced

45. Kathryn Howard “No Other Will Than His” (1521 – 1542) Q: 1540 - 1542 Beheaded

46. Catherine Parr “To Be Useful In All That I Do” (1512 – 1548) Q: 1543 - 1547 Survived

47. Mary Tudor (Catherine of Aragon) Mary Tudor (Catherine of Aragon) – Reign: 1553 - 1558 Elizabeth (Anne Boleyn) Elizabeth (Anne Boleyn) – Reign: 1558 - 1603 Edward VI (Jane Seymour) Edward VI (Jane Seymour) – Reign: 1547 - 1553

48. Who will Rule after I Die?

50. Its All About Me!

51. King Edward VI King Edward VI – Book of Common Prayer and Sacraments – Protestant service – Catholic doctrines Mary Tudor (aka. Bloody Mary) Mary Tudor (aka. Bloody Mary) – Catholic!!! Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth – Elizabethan settlement (a mix of faiths) – By end of reign, England a Protestant country

52. Act of Supremacy Act of Supremacy – Supreme Governor of the CofE Act of Uniformity Act of Uniformity – Combined all books – Church attendance mandatory – Vague Communion – Keep ornaments

53. How to Save Catholicism

54. Council of Trent (1545-1565) Council of Trent (1545-1565) – Reaffirmed traditional Catholic values – No selling indulgences Inquisition Inquisition Ignatius of Loyola Ignatius of Loyola Teresa of Avila Teresa of Avila

55. Anabaptists Anabaptists – No infant baptisms – Religious tolerance – Separation of church and state Persecution Persecution

56. Catholics vs. Protestants Catholics vs. Protestants Witch Hunts Witch Hunts Jews Jews