1. Tudor England Parliament—chief representative of the country’s wishes –Considered body to give a ruler’s actions a stamp of approval –Subordinate to the crown for long period –Kings needed Parliament consent for raising taxes Common Law—system of justice based on precedent and tradition –Helped unify England

2. Henry VIII 1513—unifed England by defeating the Scots Early reign: little European interaction while consolidating royal power at home Created the Reformation Parliament in 1529 to pass reforms of the church and gov’t Privy Council—coordinated and directed the royal gov’t –Royal income rose Large, wealthy, centralized administration

4. The Development of Constitutionalism in England

5. Religious Reform in England The break with Rome was the only Protestant character of the Anglican Church –1539 Statute of the Six Articles--retained priests, sacraments, and symbols of Catholicism

6. Edward VI At the age of 10 became king The Duke of Somerset, Edward’s regent, imposed Calvinism on the people –Ousted in 1550 Edward VI restated basic tenets of Anglicanism, but was a Calvinist –Enacted a series of Protestant reforms

7. Protestant reforms under Ed VI Clerical marriage sanctioned Book of Common Prayer was imposed on all English churches –A 42 article confession of faith  Protestant doctrine—justification by faith and Holy Scripture –Edward VI had direct correspondence with John Calvin In 1553 Edward died at 16, leaving his Catholic half-sister Mary as queen.

8. Mary I and Elizabeth I Read p. 461-463 about Queen Mary I and Queen Elizabeth I

9. Mary I of England Oldest daughter of Henry VIII Restored England to Catholicism very hostile to Protestants (executes great Protestant leaders (Thomas Cranmer, father’s advisor), hundreds are burned at the stake and others flee to the Continent) Nicknamed “Bloody Mary” marries into militant Catholicism by wedding Philip II of Spain Dies in 1558 with no heir

10. Religion and Elizabeth I settled religious differences by merging broadly defined Protestant doctrine with traditional Catholic ritual, later resulting in the Anglican Church –Opposed by Puritans who wanted to “purify” England of Catholic influence all anti-Protestant legislation repealed and Thirty-Nine Articles is issued in 1563 making moderate Protestantism the official religion of the Church of England Excommunicated in 1570