2. Presentation agenda Introduction.Background.Definition. Why it is? How it works? Applications Entry to Grid Adv. & Dis adv. Conclusion.

3. Introduction to Grid Computing  The term Grid comes from an analogy to the Electric Grid. Electric Grid. – Pervasive access to power. – Similarly, Grid will provide pervasive, consistent, and inexpensive access to advanced computational resources.  Grid computing is all about achieving greater. performance and throughput by pooling resources on a local, national, or international level performance and throughput by pooling resources on a local, national, or international level

4. Local Cluster Inter Planet Grid 2100 Personal DeviceSMPs or SuperComputers Global Grid PERFORMANCE+QoSPERFORMANCE+QoS Individual Group Department Campus State National Globe Administrative Barriers Enterprise Cluster/Grid Scalable Computing

5. Definition Grid computing is a term referring to the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains to reach common goal. Grids are often constructed with the aid of general-purpose grid software libraries known as middleware.middleware

6. What is Grid computing? Two or more computers improving performance performance scalability scalability  Compute Grids= Parallel Execution  Data Grids = parallelize data storage  Grid computing= Compute Grids+ Data Grids

7. Cousins of Grid Computing  Parallel Computing  Distributed Computing  Peer-to-Peer Computing  Many others: Cluster Computing, Network Computing, Client/Server Computing, Internet Computing, etc...

8. Why Grids ?  Solving grand challenge applications using computer modeling, simulation and analysis Life Sciences CAD/CAM Aerospace Military Applications Digital Biology Military Applications Internet & Ecommerce

9. What is Grid ?  A paradigm/infrastructure that enabling the sharing, selection, & aggregation of geographically distributed resources: –Computers – PCs, workstations, clusters, supercomputers, laptops, notebooks, mobile devices, PDA, etc; –Software – e.g., ASPs renting expensive special purpose applications on demand; –Catalogued data and databases – e.g. transparent access to human genome database; –Special devices/instruments – e.g., radio telescope – SETI@Home searching for life in galaxy. –People/collaborators. [depending on their availability, capability, cost, and user QoS requirements] for solving large-scale problems/applications. Wide area

10. User Access Point Resource Broker Grid Resources Result GRID CONCEPT

11. Are Grids a Solution? Goals of Grid Computing Reduce computing costs Increase computing resources Reduce job turnaround time Enable parametric analyses Reduce Complexity to Users Increase Productivity Technology Issues Clusters Internet infrastructure MPP solver adoption Administration of desktop Use middleware to automate Virtual Computing Centre “Dependable, consistent, pervasive access to resources” “Grid Computing” means diff things to different people.

12. What does the Grid do for you?  You submit your work  And the Grid –Finds convenient places for it to be run –Organises efficient access to your data  Caching, migration, replication –Deals with authentication to the different sites that you will be using –Interfaces to local site resource allocation mechanisms, policies –Runs your jobs, Monitors progress, Recovers from problems,Tells you when your work is complete

13. What does the Grid do for you?  If there is scope for parallelism, it can also decompose your work into convenient execution units based on the available resources, data distribution

14. User Interface (UI) User Interface (UI):The place where users logon to the Grid Computing Element (CE) Computing Element (CE): A batch queue on a site’s computers where the user’s job is executed Storage Element (SE) Storage Element (SE): provides (large-scale) storage for files Resource Broker (RB) Resource Broker (RB): Matches the user requirements with the available resources on the Grid Main components Information System Information System: Characteristics and status of CE and SE (Uses “GLUE schema”)

15. How it works  The grid computing concept isn't a new one.  It's a special kind of distributedcomputing.  In distributed computing, different computers within the same network share one or more resources. In the ideal grid computing system, every resource is shared, turning a computer network into a powerful supercomputer.  In distributed computing, different computers within the same network share one or more resources. In the ideal grid computing system, every resource is shared, turning a computer network into a powerful supercomputer.

16. WORKING….  All the available resources (work stations, servers, software, storage, etc.) as well as a set of tools that could be compared to an operating system, make up the computing grid.

18. WORKING….  At the core, a resource broker, which handles resource supply and demand according to technical and economic criteria.  A scheduler is responsible for distributing resources to the various machines.  Security and access are in turn managed by the Grid Security Infrastructure, which handles the identification of each resource solicitor as well as access authorization up to a certain level to guarantee confidentiality.

19. Types of grid  Computational grid : A computational grid is focused on setting aside resources specifically for computing power. In this type of grid, most of the machines are high- performance servers

20.  Scavenging grid : A scavenging grid is most commonly used with large numbers of desktop machines. Machines are scavenged for available CPU cycles and other resources.

21.  Data grid : A data grid is responsible for housing and providing access to data across multiple organizations.  Users are not concerned with where this data is located.

22. Layered Grid Architecture Application Fabric “Controlling things locally”: Access to, & control of, resources Connectivity “Talking to things”: communication (Internet protocols) & security Resource “Sharing single resources”: negotiating access, controlling use Collective “Coordinating multiple resources”: ubiquitous infrastructure services, app- specific distributed services Internet Transport Application Link Internet Protocol Architecture

23. FABRIC LAYER: INTERFACES TO LOCAL CONTROL FABRIC LAYER: INTERFACES TO LOCAL CONTROL  The Grid Fabric layer provides the resources to which shared access is mediated by Grid protocols.

24. CONNECTIVITYLAYER: COMMUNICATING EASILY AND SECURELY  The Connectivity layer defines core communication and authentication protocols required for Grid-specific network transactions.  Communication protocols enable the exchange of data between Fabric layer resources.

25. RESOURCE LAYER: SHARING SINGLE RESOURCE  The Resource layer builds on Connectivity layer communication and authentication protocols to define protocols (and APIs and SDKs) for the secure negotiation, initiation, monitoring, control, accounting, and payment of sharing operations on individual resources.

26. COLLECTIVE: COORDINATING MULTIPLE RESOURCES  contains protocols and services (and APIs and SDKs) that are not associated with any one specific resource but rather are global in nature and capture interactions across collections of resources.

27. Biomedical applications

28. Earth sciences  Earth Observations by Satellite –Ozone profiles  Solid Earth Physics –Fast Determination of mechanisms of important earthquakes  Hydrology –Management of water resources in Mediterranean area (SWIMED)  Geology –Geocluster: R&D initiative of the Compagnie Générale de Géophysique  A large variety of applications is the key !!!

29. GARUDA  Department of Information Technology (DIT), Govt. of India, has funded CDAC to deploy computational grid named GARUDA as Proof of Concept project.  It will connect 45 institutes in 17 cities in the country at 10/100 Mbps bandwidth.

30. Other Grids in India EU-IndiaGrid (ERNET, C-DAC, BARC,TIFR,SINP,PUNE UNIV, NBCS) Coordination with Geant for Education Research DAE/DST/ERNET MOU for Tier II LHC Grid (10 Univ) BARC MOU with INFN, Italy to setup Grid research Hub C-DAC’s GARUDA Grid Talk about Bio-Grid and Weather-Grid

31. ADVANTAGES:  Can solve larger, more complex problems in a shorter time Easier to collaborate with other organizations Make better use of existing hardware

32. DISADVANTAGES:  Grid software and standards are still evolving Non-interactive job submission Non-interactive job submission

33. CONCLUSION:  Grid computing provides a framework and deployment platform that enables resource sharing, accessing, aggregation, and management in a distributed computing environment based on system performance, users' quality of services, as well as emerging open standards, such as Web services. This is the era of Service Computing

34. Thank You… Any ??