1. Catalysis and Energy: Making Solar Fuels

2.  Rising global energy demands and CO 2 emissions  Creating alternative fuels from CO 2 would aid in decreasing both 2 Renewable Energy World Energy Outlook 2013. London, 12 November. International Energy Agency.

3. Consider this problem of rising CO 2 emissions… What makes CO 2 a concern for our environmental health and safety? Pair-up (or form small groups of 3-4) Brainstorm ideas to answer the question. 3 Reflect on Carbon Dioxide Warnings

4. How do greenhouse gases like CO 2 work? 4 Greenhouse Gases

5. So we understand that CO 2 production must be minimized (decreased) or avoided… What ideas can you come up with to help alleviate rising energy demand but avoid increasing CO 2 production? Pair-up (or form small groups of 3-4) Brainstorm ideas to answer the question. 5 Alternative Energy Production Ideas

6. Why Reduce CO 2 ? Why reduce CO 2 ?  Very abundant greenhouse gas  Can be a source for alternative fuels CO 2 Reduction Requirements  Efficiency  Catalytic method  Cost effective 6 Lehn, Ziessel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1982, 79, 701-704.

7. It’s clear now that CO 2 reduction is one way to limit increasing CO 2 production as well as create fuel… But this process is difficult… Primarily because CO 2 is such a stable molecule. In pairs, list some properties that you believe make CO 2 stable. What makes CO 2 so stable? 7 Why so stable CO 2 ? Uncertain? Hint: What does CO 2 look like?

8. End…. 8 The End

9. Alternative slides follow All slides after this are modifications for ease of presentation to a variety of student audiences 9 Alterative Slides

10. Why Transform CO 2 ? Why transform CO 2 ?  Very abundant greenhouse gas  Can be a source for alternative fuels CO 2 Transformation Requirements  Efficiency  Catalytic method  Cost effective 10 Lehn, Ziessel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1982, 79, 701-704.

11. Why Reduce CO 2 ? Why reduce CO 2 ?  Very abundant greenhouse gas  Can be a source for alternative fuels CO 2 Reduction Requirements  Efficiency  Catalytic method  Cost effective 11 Lehn, Ziessel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1982, 79, 701-704.

12. Extra Information slides follow All slides after this are additional information for higher or varied level learners. Perhaps they are of general interest to the instructor also. 12 Extra Slides

13. 13 CS 2 as CO 2 model CS 2 1e - reduction -1.71 V vs. NHE CO 2 1e - reduction -1.99 V vs. NHE Eyman, Moler, Weers et. Al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6718-6729.