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Chapter 26 ASTRONOMY THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SPACE / THE UNIVERSE.
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Galactic address Planet StarThe Sun Star System/GalaxyThe Milky Way Galactic GroupLocal Group Galactic SuperclusterVirgo Supercluster
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GALACTIC ADDRESS
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Measuring distances in the Universe Astronomical Unit (AU) = 150 million km ( = 149,597,870.66 km ) – The average distance from the EARTH to the SUN. Light year = 9,460,700,000,000 km ( = 9.4607 x 10 12 km ) This is based on the speed of light = 186,000 mi/s = 300,000,000 m/s - The distance that light travels in one year. Parsec = 3.26 light years = 19 trillion miles.
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Astronomical Distances and Scales http://htwins.net/scale2/ http://htwins.net/scale2/
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Units of Distance Astronomical Unit – The average distance from Earth to the sun ~ 150,000,000,000 meters Light Year – The distance light travels in 1 year ~ 9,500,000,000,000,000 meters
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Powers of 10
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Scientific Notation Step 1: Find decimal point (3000 = 3000.0) Step 2: Move decimal point to where it is directly to right of first non-zero digit. Count the number of spaces the decimal point moves Step 3: Write down the new number with x10 on the end, put the number of spaces the decimal point moved at the top right corner of the x10 (it is a positive number if point moved left and it is a negative number if point moved right)
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Examples
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Looking at distant objects is like looking back in time.
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Observing space The electromagnetic spectrum represents different types of energy, each having different wavelengths, traveling at the speed of light. Link
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Telescopes REFRACTINGREFLECTING Optical telescope Uses lenses to bend light (refraction) Optical telescope Uses a curved mirror (reflection) to gather and focus light Problems: *Focuses different colors of light at different distances. *Ability to see distant objects is based on the size of their objective lens. Advantages: *Can be made larger, can gather more light, can see more distant/fainter objects. *Less distortion *Eliminates color differences
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National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) Green Bank, West Virginia
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Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (100 meters in diameter)
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Keck Telescopes – 10m OWL (Overwhelmingly Large Telescope) – 100m - optical and near-infrared Only Proposed!
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Gran Telescopio Canarias
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Human Space Exploration National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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100,000 Stars
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Supernova in Messier 82
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Ant Nebula Horsehead Nebula
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Comet ISON
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Solar Prominence
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Uranus
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Jupiter’s triple solar eclipse event
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