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Published byLaurence Garrison Modified over 8 years ago
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The Results of WWI
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The Impact on Europe
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The Human Cost – "The Lost Generation" Approximately 9 million soldiers killed (15% total combatants) Millions more disabled – 41,000 British lost limbs In France 20% of all men between the ages of 20 and 40 were killed in 1914 alone
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Lost Generation Home front Video
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The Human Cost – "The Lost Generation" Massive civilian casualties Bombing/famine /disease Spanish flu (1918–19) 20,000,000+ dead
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Spanish flu video
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Economic Cost Britain – 34,000,000,000 pounds in debt US had lent Britain/France $2 billion dollars 40% of Britain's commercial shipping lost
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Economic Cost Britain/France spent the 1920s paying off debts 1/3 to 1/2 of their entire budget Britain never regained its pre-war financial power
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Economic Cost Land and industry destroyed France-much farmland ruined Roads & railways destroyed
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Economic Cost Belgium/Poland/ Italy/Serbia – a lot of land destroyed Hospital/houses needed reconstruction Loss of manufacturing output
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Political Consequences Central Europe completely redrawn All multi-national monarchies collapsed Britain and France – not much change
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Europe Time Lapse
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Political Consequences– Germany Revolution/revolts/mutinies Socialist-led uprisings– Bavaria formed its own socialist republic November 9, 1918 – the Kaiser abdicates & fled to Holland Socialist Friedrich Ebert – new leader of Republic of Germany
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Political Consequences– Russia Tsarist regime gone Provisional government overthrown by Bolsheviks (Much more to come on this) Bolsheviks sought dictatorship over free elections – civil war until 1920
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The Bolsheviks - A Concern Central/Eastern Europe in turmoil Encourage the growth of socialist politics in these fragile areas Many across Europe worried of the spread
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Habsburg Empire Austria-Hungary defeated so the monarchy & empire collapsed Emperor Karl I forced to abdicate & republic declared Austria & Hungary split into separate states and others declared independence
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Political Consequences– Turkey 1922 – collapse of the Sultanate Mustafa Kemal established an authoritarian regime
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Impact of WWI Outside of Europe
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United States of America Emerged as the world's leading economy American companies capitalized on the war – food/materials/weapons US overtook overseas markets
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United States of America Became the world's leading producer of many goods World leader in the development of plastic & mechanization New world leader on political stage
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Issues in America Public keen to return to xenophobic position Spanish flu 1918- 1919 Communism fear/racial tension
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Japan Did well economically during war New markets & goods = new prosperity Sought territorial expansion – seized German holdings in Shandong and German-held Pacific islands
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China Japan presented them with a list of 21 demands that aimed for its domination China (entered WWI on allied side in 1917) sent delegates to the Versailles Peace Conference Sought release from Japanese demands
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Anglo-Japanese Alliance Japan used the wartime alliance to jockey for German/Chinese territory Britain had made guarantees to Japan over its rights to former German possessions Japan forced a week and divided China to agree to Japan's economic privileges in Manchuria/inner Mongolia
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