1. Chapter 10 section 1: Democratic Reforms Mostly in Britain, but even in France, Zionists can see Dreyfuss’s underpants! You learning is being targeted by Mr. Meacham

2. Learning Targets for the section10/1 You will need to know, or be able to… The details of the Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain. Why was it made? What kind of reform did it bring about? How was it radical and how was it conservative? Explain the Chartist movement. What was it that they wanted from their govt.? Was the movement successful? Know how many of their demands became reality over the next 75 years. What the Victorian Age was. What happened to government in Britain during this period. What was the Queen a symbol of? What women were demanding during this period and in what way. By 1871, France was entering its “Third Republic” stage. Explain how France had a different democracy from Britain. Also, know what their suffrage laws were. What the Dreyfus affair was about. Also, what it ultimately meant for Europe’s Jews and how it promoted Zionism.

3. The Reform Bill of 1832 At the beginning of the century, Britain, a constitutional monarchy, allowed about 5% of its citizens to vote The revolutions around Europe in 1830 scared Parliament. They wanted to offer a reform bill that gave their new wealthy middle class a chance to vote. Parliament districts were also modified to reflect the urban change in Britain.

4. The Chartist Movement The feeling in Britain within the Middle Class, and Parliament itself, That reforms hadn’t gone far enough Every male should be able to vote. Anyone should be able to serve in Parliament, so it should be a paid position. All votes in chamber should be secret and there should be elections every year. All except yearly elections became law by 1914.

5. The Victorian Age All of this reform and industrialization put Britain into the Victorian age Corresponds with Queen Victoria’s reign, starting in 1839. Democracy became the norm, and Britain was at its most powerful. Ironically, Victoria became the first monarch to be symbolic.

6. The Third Republic France’s Napoleon III died in 1871 Setting up a new government proved difficult The National Assembly took four years to set up a new style of govt. (1875) They settled on a Republic with many parties (parliamentary democracy) France averaged a new administration every year between 1871-1914. Many in France wanted a monarchy, military rule, a strong dictator, etc. Division amongst the people was the French way

7. The Dreyfus Affair In 1890’s this scandal revealed what a mess France was Capt. Alfred Dreyfus accused of treason and sentenced to life Hard evidence showed his innocence The government and army showed an ugly anti-semitic side since Dreyfus was Jewish Country was split down the middle

8. Anti-Semitism and Zionism The Dreyfus affair showed the French to be WAY more anti-semitic than most wanted to believe. Even hard evidence couldn’t get them to release Dreyfus Jews across Europe facing this under current and in Eastern Europe facing violence Believed they’d never be treated properly in Europe Theodore Herzl of Vienna led the Zionists: A group that believed that all Jews should emigrate to their holy land in the Middle East (Israel)