3. China controls trade Kowtowing didn’t sit well with the British sense of superiority. The Chinese wanted to keep the British in an inferior position.

4.  2.Did the government of China have the right to ban (outlaw) the sale of opium?  3.Destroyed a shipment of British opium.  4.The war ended with the Treaty of Nanjing.  1842  5 more ports

6. The opium addict often sold all his possessions to pay for the opium. This woodcut shows an addict's wife being sold to support his habit. An 'opium den' was no cozy existence, it was total squalor. The addicts only lived for the next opium fix.

7. Opium Dens 1838 30,000 chests of opium were imported into China, by 1879 it was 87,000.

9. The Opium Wars; 1840’s and 1850’s

10. Opium den in Canton, China

11. In the West in the mid- 18th century, opium and heroin were considered relatively safe drugs. This advertisement promotes heroin as a cough mixture.

12.  Pay $21 million for the opium and the war  Great Britain gets Hong Kong  Must permit Christian missionaries

13.  British accused of a crime were tried in their own courts, not Chinese courts.  Increased Chinese resentment of Western control  (What if the Columbians, Mexicans, and Canadians couldn’t be put on trial for crimes they committed in the U.S.?)

14. A shocked mandarin in Manchu robe in the back, with... Queen Victoria (UK), Wilhelm II (Germany), Nicholas II (Russia), Marianne (France), and a samurai (Japan) China has lost control of its country; it’s being carved up by foreigners.

15. Foreign powers devour China

16.  5.Britain, France, U.S., Russia  * pride.... power..... humiliation..... weakness  * Have the Qing lost Mandate of Heaven?  *Is it time for a new Dynasty?

17.  1.Have the Qing lost the Mandate of Heaven?  There is a lot of suffering in China. The Qing have failed to resist the Western powers.

18. Hong Xiuquan: 洪秀全 A reaction against foreign oppression and humiliation Brother of Jesus? “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” Get rid of poverty B. The Taiping Rebellion

19. 20 million deaths – compare to our civil war

20.  1. Build coal mines, factories, railroads  Modern weapons & ships  Western knowledge and language  Is everyone going to like “Westernization?”  2. Resistance from Confucian scholars  6.Another attempt at reform or modernization fails; resistance to change.

21. Empress Cixi

22. Empress Cixi and family

23.  1.Drive out the foreigners; end China’s humiliation  2.Killed many missionaries & Chinese Christians  *Why? Christianity represents all the foreign oppression

24. Boxer Rebellion-Drive out the foreigners!

25. Boxers – Drive out the foreigners! Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists

26. European soldiers preparing to take on the Boxers

27. The Boxers blamed China’s suffering on the “foreign devils.” Hundreds of missionaries and many thousands of Chinese Christians were killed by the Boxers. Missionaries and Chinese Christians were evidence of the foreign influence.

28. In 1860, Lord Elgin is carried into Beijing after the defeat of China (in the 2nd Opium War). He ordered the destruction of the Summer Palace. Imagine the humiliation....

29.  1. *republic: a government with chosen representatives, not a king.  4.republic

30. Lottie Moon Baptist missionary. She arrived in China in 1873. ime.imb.org/lottiemoon/gallery.asp

31. Peasants working the fields. 1910. Work, work, work, and more work. Get ahead? Never. Endless labor, grinding poverty.

32. Gaunt but hopeful, villagers line up to receive a ration of rice during a period of famine.

33. Graduates of Lottie Moon’s girls’ school. Bound feet? Educating girls? Confucian values or Western values ?

34. At the turn of the century, China was, in general, far behind the West in technology.

35. This picture was used to illustrate the clothing of the Chinese peasant.

36. Chinese children and women rest from their begging. The woman near the center wears pointed-toe shoes for bound feet. Lottie Moon fought hard to end this torturous practice. Infection leading to gangrene and death was often the price Chinese females paid to be beautiful.

37. Carved up by foreign nations Millions of peasants in poverty Far behind the West in technology and industry.

38. Who has the answer to all of China’s problems? Mao Zedong and Communism

39.  Dynastic, or Traditional, China (ends in 1911)  Foreign domination – 1800-1949  Communist China (Mao Zedong) – 1949-1979  Communist China, part 2 – 1949 -