1. Recent Advances in the Prevention and Management of Complications Associated with Routine Lumbar Spine Surgery by Louis G. Jenis, Wellington K. Hsu, Joseph O’Brien, and Peter G. Whang J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 95(10):943-950 May 15, 2013 ©2013 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. T2-weighted sagittal MRI scan of the lumbar spine, confirming the presence of increased signal intensity within the L1-L2 and L2-L3 disc space as well as vertebral body erosion consistent with discitis. Louis G. Jenis et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013;95:943-950 ©2013 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. T1-weighted sagittal MRI scan with gadolinium enhancement, depicting the presence of increased signal within the vertebral bodies as well as enhancement within the spinal canal consistent with osteomyelitis and epidural abscess formation. Louis G. Jenis et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013;95:943-950 ©2013 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.