1. Sections 4 & 5 中国

2. Barriers isolate China Mountain ranges, deserts, & thick rainforests Result > China seen as center of the earth Trade still occurred Rivers Used for travel/trade & irrigation Yellow River Valley > farming est. Loess > windblown yellow soil from Siberia to Mongolia GEOGRAPHY

3. 1 st dynasty Kings divided land up between princes/nobles Clans est. Groups of families with common ancestor Social Structure  Royal Family  Merchants & Artisans  Peasants (majority of pop.) SHANG DYNASTY 商朝

4. Promoted idea of Mandate of Heaven Divine right to rule Explains dynastic cycle Est. feudalism System of govt. which local lords governed their own land but gave support to the ruler (military) Economy grows New farming technology Money economy Increase in pop. Achievements Made 1 st books Writing under Shang & Zhou > complex > thousands of characters ZHOU DYNASTY 周朝

5. Early on > polytheistic Ancestors could communicate with the gods “ancestor worship” Confucianism Confucius develops a philosophy concerned with worldly goals (social order & govt.) People must accept their place in society Rulers > est. good govt. > lead with virtue > well educated Daoism (Taoism) Philosophy > live in harmony with nature Reject conflict and strife Both will blend and evolve into religions RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

6. Est. legalism (strict form of govt.) Leaders strength was a virtue not goodness Feudal states replaced by military districts Money economy & uniform weights and measures est. Great Wall of China built Strict policies will lead to revolt QIN DYNASTY 秦朝

7. Furthered economic growth – Improved canals & roads – Est. monopoly on iron & salt – Policy of expansionism – Opened up trade routes (Silk Road) – Belief system > Confucianism – Civil Service System > win positions in the govt. through merit HAN DYNASTY 漢朝 Golden Age –Improvement on earlier calendars –Better time keeping devices –Simple seismograph developed –Acupuncture –Made paper out of wood pulp –The List Goes on and on Buddhism will be slowly accepted in China