2. Introduction to Biology Queen

3. What is Biology Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals Unit Question: How can science relate to my daily life?

4. Biology is Relevant  Global problems are often Biological Problems  Medicine  Bioengineering  Environment

5. Biology is a Branch of Science  Biology, physics, chemistry, geology, etc. are branches of science  All branches:  pursuit of information  bodies of knowledge  have unique features/attributes

6. What do Biologists do?  Study the diversity of life  Research Diseases  Develop technologies  Improve Agriculture  Preserve the environment

7. Characteristics of Organisms

8. The Characteristics of life 1.Basic Unit is the Cell 2.They Reproduce 3.All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 4.Grow & Develop 5.Obtain & Use Materials & Energy 6.Respond To Their Environment 7.Maintain A Stable Internal Environment 8.AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time

9. Life is Organized on Several Levels

10. Levels  Atoms  Molecules  Organelles  Cells – life starts here  Tissues  Organs  System  Organism

11. Levels Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

12. Tools used in Science

13. Scientific Method Ask a QuestionForm a Hypothesis Design ExperimentCollect and Analyze the DataReport Conclusions

14. The Strange Case of BeriBeri In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria. One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, noticed something. Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case. he found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health. 1.State the Problem 2.What was the hypothesis? 3. How was the hypothesis tested? 4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment? 5.What should be the new hypothesis? Scientific Method in Action

15. WHY DO WE USE THE METRIC SYSTEM?  Almost all other countries are using the metric system  Other countries’ companies are refusing to buy products from the U.S. if not labeled in metric units  Scientists need a universal way to communicate data (SI Units)  Used in hospitals  If you can multiply & divide by 10 (or any power of 10), then the metric system will be easy for you.

16. KILO 1000 Units HECTO 100 Units DEKA 10 Units DECI 0.1 Unit CENTI 0.01 Unit MILLI 0.001 Unit Meters Liters Grams Ladder Method How do you use the “ladder” method? 1 st – Determine your starting point. 2 nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3 rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. 4 km = _________ m 1 2 3 How many jumps does it take? Starting Point Ending Point 4. 1 __. 2 3 = 4000 m

17. Microscope Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm and one hand under the base.

18. What’s my power?: To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective. 

19. Comparing Powers of Magnification We can see better details with higher the powers of magnification, but we cannot see as much of the image. Which of these images would be viewed at a higher power of magnification?

20. Wear safety goggles when working with chemicals, flames, or heating devices. If a chemical gets in your eye, flush in water for 15 minutes and notify the teacher. Safety Symbols Eye Protection Sharp Objects When using knifes or other sharp objects always walk with the points facing down. Cut away from fingers and body. Electrical Safety Do not place a cord where someone can trip over it. Never use electricity around water. Unplug all equipment before leaving the room.

21. Safety Symbols Animal Safety Only handle living organisms with teacher permission. Always treat living organisms humanely. Wash your hands after handling animals. Heating Safety Tie back hair and loose clothes when working with open flames. Never look into a container as you are heating it. Heated metal and glass looks cool, use tongs or gloves before handling. Never leave a heat source unattended.

22. Safety Symbols Chemical Safety Read all labels twice before removing a chemical from the container. Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless instructed by the teacher. Transfer chemicals carefully! Hand Safety If a chemical spills on your skin, notify the teacher and rinse with water for 15 minutes. Carry glassware carefully. Plant Safety Do not eat any plants in lab. Wash your hands after handling plants.

23. What’s Wrong With This Picture?

24. Let’s give it a try... 1 – Turn on the microscope and then rotate the nosepiece to click the red- banded objective into place. 2 – Place a slide on the stage and secure it using the stage clips. Use the coarse adjustment knob (large knob) to get it the image into view and then use the fine adjustment knob (small knob) to make it clearer. 4 – When you are done, turn off the microscope and put up the slides you used. 3 – Once you have the image in view, rotate the nosepiece to view it under different powers. Draw what you see on your worksheet! Be careful with the largest objective! Sometimes there is not enough room and you will not be able to use it!

25. How to make a wet-mount slide … 1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip from your teacher. 2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much or the water will run off the edge and make a mess! 3 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop. You do not need to use the stage clips when viewing wet-mount slides! 5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the red-banded objective. Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with the different objectives. 4 - Slowly lower the cover slip on top of the drop. Cover Slip Lower slowly