1. Hemispheric Reactions to the events in Europe: Inter-American Diplomacy; Cooperation and Neutrality; Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy, its Application and Effects(1933-1945) Regina Lopez, Jennifer Ly, Matthew Lin Period 5

2. Inter- American Diplomacy Declaration of Panama 1939: Conference where all 21 American Republics agreed on a Pan- American Security zone that reached out about 1000 nautical miles offshore. Zone was regulated by U.S. ships

3. Inter-American Diplomacy Havana Act 1940: Canada defense Planning 19 Established the fact that the American Republics will not tolerate any invasion from any countries. Any attack against an American Republic, is considered an attack against all 21 American Republics.

4. Inter-American Diplomacy Defense Planning with Canada 1940 Joint cooperation with United States and Canada to form the Permanent Joint Board on Defense that is responsible for the security of their continent. At this time, Canada was already actively fighting Nazi; while the United States still kept to their traditional policy of isolation.

5. Inter- American Diplomacy Suspension of Habeas Corpus to Japanese- Americans Upon the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States in response suspended Habeas Corpus to Japanese- Americans that were suspected of spying on the American government to help out the Japanese during World War II. They were either tried without due process or were placed in internment camps.

6. Inter-American Diplomacy Act of Chapultepec 1945: A resolution from the Inter American Conference that called for a collective effort in case of an attack by other continental powers.

7. Cooperation and Neutrality Canada o Statute of Westminister of 1931- Made Canada into a fully independent nation with the right of discretion in matters of war and peace o Canada's Position: Canada would support its 'Mother Country' Britain in any event of war involving Britain  Canada declared war on September 10, 1939 on Germany, 1 week after France and Britain declared war o The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) grew 50-fold to a force of nearly 100,000  Played a critical role in winning the Battle of the Atlantic and maintaining sea lanes for Britain against German submarines

8. Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.) o Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) helped Allies gain air superiority in Europe o Canada's Home Front:  Produced warships, merchant vessels, bombers, fighters, tanks, vehicles of all kinds, artillery pieces, and all sorts of military equipment and munitions, employing millions of people directly or indirectly.  Farms produced immense amounts of meat, grain, and other produce to help keep Canada, Britain, and the Allies fed and fighting. o Canada's cooperation and military contributions helped significantly to win the war.

10. Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.) Latin America o Argentina  Was part of the Latin American Anti-Comintern Pact since 1935 and began backing Nazi Germany and its Allies in 1936  In 1944, under pressure from the US, Argentina severed diplomatic ties with Germany and Japan o Brazil  On 1939, Brazil and US concluded a treaty of mutual cooperation and economic assistance  On 1942 Brazil severed diplomatic relations with Germany and Italy and declared war on them.  Received considerable amount of money and materials from US and let Allies use its bases in exchange

11. Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.) o Bolivia  Remained neutral in the early wars of WW2  Declared war on Germany, Japan, and Italy in 1942 but never really participated military o Chile  Initially neutral in the beginning but broke relations with Axis countries in 1943 o Colombia  On 1941, Colombia severed ties with Germany, Italy, and Japan; declared war on Germany in 1943  Received grants and materials from US o Most Latin American countries remained neutral in the beginning of World War ll but eventually became anti-Axis in the late years of the war mainly due to US influence and its “Good Neighbor Policy”

12. As seen here, most Latin American countries joined the Allies in the later years of the war due to US influence

13. Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.) United States o Neutrality Acts of 1935-1937  imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials, forbade all loans or credits to belligerents, and U.S. ships were prohibited from transporting any passengers or articles to belligerent  Reflected the desire of the US maintain a policy of “isolationist” o Destroyers for Bases Deal  gave GB fifty aging destroyers in exchange for 99 year leases for 8 British bases in the western hemisphere o Lend-Lease Act of 1941  allowed the US to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed "vital to the defense of the United States."  Pretense to the end of US neutrality

14. Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.) o Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941  The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese changed America's neutral position to a belligerent one  Led to ABC-1 agreement which called for "getting Germany first" and then Japan o America's Home Front  Food, gas, clothing, and metals were rationed; women found jobs in factories o America's entrance into the war changed tides greatly and helped the Allies to win the war

16. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy Background o U.S. had a history of intervention in Latin America o Presidents Harding and Coolidge had to deal with “Yankee-phobia” south of the border o At Sixth Pan-American Conference in Havana in 1928, Hoover rejected Wilson’s interventionist policies

17. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy cont. What was it? o 1933 FDR claimed U.S. would be a "good neighbor" and engage in a reciprocal relationship with Latin America Countries o FDR was known as the “traveling salesman for peace” and preached “mutual safety” o U.S. would adopt a non-interventionist policy towards Latin America o Would not employ its armed forces in support of its objectives in Latin America o Would still maintain influence in Latin America(support for strong local leaders, training of national guards, export-import bank loans, financial supervision)

18. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy cont. Applications o gain help from Latin America in defending the Western Hemisphere from Europe and Asia o improve relations with the nations of Central and South America o Wanted to increase trade because of the economic effects of the Great Depression

19. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy cont. Effects o Demonstrated U.S.'s shift to non-interventionist o Gradual Removal of all American forces in Latin America o Removal of U.S. Marines from Haiti and Nicaragua in 1934 o Negotiation of compensation for Mexico's nationalization of foreign aid in the oil industry 1938 o Mexico seized Yankee oil properties and U.S. wanted to use armed intervention but Roosevelt resisted o Annulment of the Platt Amendment o Platt Amendment stated U.S.’s right to intervene in Cuban affairs o By World War II the Western Hemisphere was reasonably unified

20. Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza with President Franklin Roosevelt in Washington in 1939. Franklin Roosevelt with Cuban President Fulgencia Batista in 1942.

21. MLA Citations "Act of Chapultepec." Http://www.fofweb.com/. N.p., n.d. Web.. "Canada In WW2." Canada In WW2. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012.. Guerrant, Edward O. "Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy." University of New Mexico Press, 1950. Web 4 Nov. 2012.. "The Armed Forces of WWII (South America)." The Armed Forces of WWII (South America). N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012.. World War II." World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. "World War II Regional Trends: Latin America." World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012..