2. Enzymes Introductory Microbiology

3. The Nature of Energy

4. The Laws of Thermodynamics

5. First Law: Conservation of Energy

6. Second Law: Increasing Entropy

7. Energy Diagrams

8. Collision Theory – Chemistry is in the Impact

9. Reaction Diagrams – Visualizing the Chemistry

10. Gibb’s Free Energy Progression of Reaction A B C D E F Exergonic Reaction

11. What would an Endergonic Reaction look like?

12. Enzymes and Catalysts

13. How can you increase the rate of a reaction?

14. Increase the Concentration

15. Increase the Temperature

16. Catalysts can alter the speed of a reaction.

17. Catalysts have several characteristics

18. Decrease the Activation Energy of a reaction

19. Is not used up or altered in the reaction.

20. Stabilizes the transition state of the reaction.

21. Does not change the basic energetic of the reaction

22. Gibb’s Free Energy Progression of Reaction A B C D E F

23. Catalysts Proteins Enzymes

24. Enzyme Structure

25. Active Site Cofactor/Coenzyme Binding Site Allosteric Site

26. There are three main areas we will focus on.

27. Active Site

28. Cofactor/Coenzym e Binding Site. Cofactor/Coenzyme Binding Site

29. Allosteric Site

30. Enzyme Mechanism

31. Enzyme Action Cofactor/Coenzyme Enzyme - Inactive Enzyme - Active

32. Enzyme Action (cont.) Enzyme - Active Substrate Enzyme - Active

33. Enzyme Action (cont.) Enzyme - Active

34. Enzyme Action (cont.) Enzyme - Active

35. Enzyme Pathways

36. ABCD E1E2E3

37. Pathways allow for smaller energy increments

38. Enzyme Regulation

39. Competitive Inhibition Substrate Inhibitor Enzyme - Active

40. Consider these Situations Enzyme - Active

41. But what about this one? Enzyme - Active

42. Feedback Inhibition ABCD E1E2E3

43. Feedback Mechanism Inhibited Enzyme