1. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” 5 th General Assembly Meeting of the European Joint Programming Initiative “More Years, Better Lives – The Potentials and Challenges of Demographic Change” London, 11 th of June 2012 Jens S. Dangschat, Vienna University of Technology (VUT), ISRA & José Javier Yanguas Lezáun, instituto gerontológico matia (ingema)

2. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” CONTENT 1.Usp of WG 5 2.Socio-Spatial Typology 3.Theory of Societal Space 4.6 Topics of Research 5.Overlaps & Interfaces

3. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” The usp of WG 5 is about Housing (physical, social, planning) space / place and accessibility We discussed topics for older people like … Housing conditions (floor-plan, flexibility, barrier-free access) Architectural and urban planning aspects of care Characteristics of the neighbourhoods supporting / prohibiting well-being of older people Accessibility (buildings, mobility system) Relevance of spatial concentrations of households of older people (social integration / critical mass for economic supply) What is the ideal environment for which phase of ageing? What is the ideal mix of specific housing types / tenures? What is the ideal social mix? How many dwellings should be barrier-free? How dwellings can be re-designed to meet the needs for care?

4. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” The vision paper of the JPI MYBL mentions ‘urban’ & ‘rural’ neighbourhoods (dummy for different challenge structures) and ‘accessibility’ But the need is for both … a socio-spatial typology (centre vs. periphery) economically growing vs. shrinking, typologies of housing stock & property, typologies of infrastructural supply etc.)  What is a context / neighbourhood effect? to develop a theory about societal space

5. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Socio-spatial typology: Allocation within the regional/national settlement systems Housing, infrastructural, institutional and service provision of neighbourhood (physical & infrastructure – hard facts) Measurements of accessibility for main infra- structures and services for older people by car, public transport, on foot and by bike (mobility networks)

6. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Socio-spatial typology ctd.: Social composition of neighbourhoods by property types, socio-economic, socio-demographic and socio-cultural categories (soft facts) Variety and intensity of social networks (institutional and voluntary )  ‘institutional thickness’ (social networks, social capital)  vulnerability, resilience, coping-networks

7. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Theory about societal space: Macro-meso-micro theory Macro: Production of Space (housing markets, subsi- dised housing, housing economics (ownership as capital stock), spatial planning, urban design, architecture, image production) (H. Lefèbvre) Micro: Re-production of space by cognitions, aims, spatial behaviour  individuality (psychology) /  dependency of categories of social inequalities (income, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, habitus/social milieu – sociology) Meso: Measurements at neighbourhood levels (housing & infrastructure, social composition, accessibility, social net- working, institutional culture) (W. Heitmeyer)

8. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Topic I: Current and future spatial distribution of older persons Research questions: What is the recent spatial distribution of the homes of older people? How stable are spatial concentrations of households of older persons? What is their social meaning (controlled by socio-spatial typologies) ?  exclusion or cohesion?  social aspect of sustainability Causes/driving forces In urban & suburban places: effects of the housing sector (age of building stock, property, activities of housing companies) In rural & suburban places: effects of the regional economy (loss of working places, low tax income for municipalities, weak economies, out-migration, brain-drain) Stability / Flexibility By housing factors: short-term By economic factors: long lasting  overlaps?

9. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Topic II: Physical and social environments for older people (‘age-friendly’ environments) Scepticism against ‘design for all’ or ‘age-friendly environment’ attempts due to heterogeneity and social inequalities Physical elements: Housing stock (floor-plan, good accessibility, organisation of the buildings / blocks, property) Infrastructure (daily need, age relevant services and institutions) Conditions of public space (quantity, quality, heterogeneity) Accessibility (public transport, on foot)

10. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Topic II: Physical and social environments for older people (‘age-friendly’ environments) ctd. Social elements: Social composition of the neighbourhood (socio-economic, socio-demographic, socio-cultural) Network institutions, Voluntary institutions  ‘institutional thickness’ ‘Bridging’ institutions  ‘strengthening the weak ties’  social capital  social innovation

11. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Topic III: Planning, designing, financing and organising physical and social environments involving older people Who is responsible for the adapting of the environment (organisation, financing, process management) ? State / municipality Market (housing or private sector)  combinations ‘professionals’ in care like ppp, participation etc. Self-organisation (resilience) Which kind of design is needed (floor-plans of dwellings, organisation of blocks, semi-public areas etc.) Discourse about ‘design for all’, ‘user integration’ (in its social selectivity), ‘usability’ (for whom and when) Possibility for technological support (utilities management  ‘intel- ligent home’, ‘smart home’), but under adaptability by older people

12. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Topic IV: Impact of social, economic and spatial inequalities on older adults‘ living conditions Recently, but widening socio-economic and socio-ethnic inequali- ties will increase alongside spatial inequalities (segregation) Beside the infrastructure of the welfare state (which increasingly will reduce its responsibilities) the aim is directed to aspects of vulnerability, resilience and coping strategies (poverty, women, migrants) To what degree do spatial environments offer a wide range of solutions regarding Housing, Infrastructure & services, Information technology, Transport, Long-term care. Aim:Meeting diverse and dynamic needs of an ageing population How to meet the constraints for the improving and/or adaptation of housing How to support active participation in social life of the communities

13. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Topic V: Role of residential relocations in promoting well-being for older people Housing mobility is one way to adjust the housing situation (allocation, size, economic level, equipment etc.) to the respective need for well-being Little is known about mobility potential and moves of older people between different housing tenures (ownership to rent), between or within neighbourhoods From private home into age relevant institutions How well-being of older people is impacted by immigration of other social groups (poverty, ethnicity, life-style)

14. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Topic VI: Transport and mobility for ageing societies There is a broad bulk of literature about mobility & transport of older cohorts (cf. GOAL-project), but Is ‘age’ or ‘old age’ a relevant category (as disabled and mentally handicapped) are well researched categories  typology of ability to be mobile (from without to intense help needed) Two elements are relevant, Supply: Well equipped neighbourhoods within walking distance Good access to public transport (physical barriers, information, frequency of service, safety) Demand: Ability to use public transport (coping strategies, resilience)  training programmes

15. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” HOME appartment / house / shelter physical & design aspects quantitative functional design sqm/inh. rooms/inh. impaired-friendly semiotic grids etc. emotional & cognitive aspects identification feeling at home self reliance Household kinship, social relations / economic unit reproduction work Sociability at home friends neighbours Neighbourhood physical design infrastructure (shopping, services, health care etc.) institutional structure (publ. administration, social welfare) social & cultural capital institutional thickness Access to other parts of the region local / regional transport system

16. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Sugestion for changing the name of WG5 Housing, Place & Accessibility

17. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Overlaps / interfaces / general aspects General Challenge A: To what degree demographic change impacts social change? Or: Is demographic ageing = social ageing? General Challenge B: What do we know about internal diversities and inequalities among the age groups 60-74 and 75+ - now and in the future (2020, 2030, 2040)?  Theory and empirical findings are needed for operationalising social inequalities among the 60+ people, but statistics are poor What is an age effect (people above 60)? What is a cohort effect (the post-war generation, the 68s generation)? What is an event-history effect (fiscal crisis, real estate bubble)?

18. JPI Working Group 5 „Housing, Urban & Rural Development” Thank you for your attention Contact: Vienna University of Technology Department for Spatial Development, Infrastructure and Environmental Planning Section Sociology (ISRA) jens.dangschat@tuwien.ac.at‏ Paniglgasse 16 / Mezzanin 1040 Wien Tel.: +43 (0)1 58801 27311 http://isra.tuwien.ac.at