1. Chapter 3, Section 4 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2012-13 SCHOOL YEAR CHAD GUGE, INSTRUCTOR

2. Key Concepts/Terms  Information NOT covered in this presentation that you SHOULD know…  Historical migration trends within the United States between regions  Migration patterns and examples from other countries including: Russia, Brazil, Indonesia, India, and the region of Europe  Information COVERED in this presentation…  Migration within a region  Concept of “counterurbanization”

3. Migration Within a Region  Migration patterns that occur within a region usually fall under…  Rural-to-Urban  Urban-to-Suburban  Metropolitan-to-Nonmetropolitan (also known as “counterurbanization”)

4. Rural-To-Urban Migration  Industrial Revolution brought about a massive migration from rural areas to urban areas in both Europe and North America  Example from United States  5% urban population in 1800  50% in the 1920’s  nearly 75% in 200  In recent years, the same trend is occurring in less- developed nations  Also urban areas like Sao Paulo, Brazil, have seen a huge increase in urban population (Favelas)  Estimates suggest that nearly 20 million people worldwide migrate from rural to urban areas

5. Urban-To-Suburban  Recent trends in North America and Western Europe show a migration from “central city” (urban) to suburban areas outside the “central city”  Pull factor for this migration is not economic, but is more about culture and lifestyle of suburban areas vs. urban “central city”  As suburbanization occurs, surrounding area on the periphery of the urban area is lost (such as farmland and green space)

6. Metropolitan-To- Nonmetropolitan  During the 1990’s, North America and Western Europe started to see a new trend in migration, from URBAN to RURAL.  A net-in migration for rural areas led to the concept of “counterurbanization” as a result of rapid expansion of suburban areas.  Most people are moving to small towns and rural communities  Since 2000, this trend as slowed or even stopped in some areas of the United States due to economic conditions in rural areas

7. Factors Leading to Counterurbanization  Cultural Pull Factor (similar to urban to suburban)  Slower pace of life than urban areas  Modern communication and transportation makes it easier to live in rural area and keeps us economically and socially connected to urban areas

8. Example: Rowley, Iowa Population Trends  Population in 1980: 275  Population in 1990: 272  Population in 2000: 290  Population in 2010: 264 Growth of Town  Rowley started to develop a housing section during the mid 1990’s to accommodate commuters to 3 main communities:  Independence (9 miles)  Waterloo/Cedar Falls (32 miles)  Cedar Rapids Metro (35 miles)  Growth has decreased recently because of poor economy, travel expenses, and lack of infrastructure (stores, schools, etc.)