1. CJ420-Chat 8 Chapters 11 & 12 By: Eric C. Salvador

2. Objectives Weekly reminders Child Abuse & Neglect Gangs

3. Child Abuse The family, which had traditionally been viewed as an institution in which members are at considerable risk due to increasing reported episodes of physical abuse and violence among members

4. Child Abuse Bureau of Justice Statistics (2005a): from 1998-2002 3.5 million violent crimes were committed against other family members (i.e. parents, grandparents, grandchildren, etc…) 3.5 million violent crimes were committed against other family members (i.e. parents, grandparents, grandchildren, etc…) Most frequent – simple assault Most frequent – simple assault Roughly 75% of these crimes occurred near the home Roughly 75% of these crimes occurred near the home 40% of victims were injured 40% of victims were injured

5. Child Abuse In 2004, 62.4% of children experienced neglect (malnourishment, abuse etc…) 17.5% were physically abused 9.7% were sexually abused 7% were psychological maltreated 2.1% were medically neglected 14.5% experienced “other” types of maltreatment (i.e. Abandonment, threats to harms, congenital drug addiction, etc…) (US Dept. of Health and Human Services 2006)

6. Child Abuse Nearly 84.3 % of victims were abused by a parent acting alone or with another person 38.8% of child victims were maltreated by their mothers 18.3% of child victims were maltreated by their fathers 18.3% of child victims were maltreated by their mothers and fathers (DHHS 2006)

7. Child Abuse Physical Abuse Child neglect – does not provide the necessary support and education <18 years of age Type of Neglect: Type of Neglect:PhysicalEmotionalEducational Sexual Abuse

8. Sexual Abuse: involvement of the child in sexual activity to provide sexual gratification or financial benefit to the perpetrator Criminal sexual abuse: involves the intentional fondling of the genitals, anus, breast, or any other part of the body

9. Sexual Abuse Criminal Sexual assault: involves contact with or intrusion into the sex organs Sexual exploitation: usually involves exploitation for child pornography or prostitution (restricted to some states) Internet exploitation: CNBC’s “To Catch A Predator”

10. Gangs Gangs in society: Concerns: The emergence of youth gangs in small and rural communities The emergence of youth gangs in small and rural communities The increased diversity of gang composition The increased diversity of gang composition The increased use of highly dangerous weapons and the higher level of violence The increased use of highly dangerous weapons and the higher level of violence The controversy surrounding the role of gangs in drug trafficking The controversy surrounding the role of gangs in drug trafficking

11. Gangs Definition: A group of persons working to unlawful or antisocial ends, especially a band of antisocial adolescents. A group of persons working to unlawful or antisocial ends, especially a band of antisocial adolescents. Not one single definition Not one single definition “Delinquent Subculture” (Cohen) “Delinquent Subculture” (Cohen) Each State has statutory definition. Example: Each State has statutory definition. Example:ArizonaCaliforniaConnecticutNevada

12. Gangs Members: Very few youth are hard core members Very few youth are hard core members Different to determine level of involvement Different to determine level of involvement Many non gang teens wear the same clothes as the gang members, etc.

13. Gangs Why youth join gangs: Sociological Factors and Physical Factors: Sociological Factors and Physical Factors: Age, race, nationality Monetary gain Protection Location – social disorganization Psychological Factors Psychological Factors Sense of belonging Dependency issues

14. Gang Related Stats In 1997, Some 800,000 gang members were thought to be active in 30,000 gangs across the U.S. 1996-1998, gang member in rural areas increased 43% 1998, 46% were thought to be Hispanic, 34% African American, 12% Caucasian, 8% Asian or “other”

15. Gang Related Stats (cont) More than one-third of all youth gangs were thought to have memberships including members of 2 or more racial groups (McGloin, 2005). The largest proportion of gang members involved in burglary or breaking and entering was reported in rural counties (Wilson 2000)

16. Nature of Gangs Organized Groups w/ recognized leaders Unified at peace and war Demonstrate unity in obvious recognizable ways (wear particular colors etc…) They claim a geographic area and an economic and/or criminal enterprises Engage in activities that are delinquent, criminal and/or pose a threat to society

17. Gangs Gang related crimes: Vandalism (graffiti, etc…) Harassment & Intimidation (recruitment, etc…) Armed Robbery & Burglary Extortion (individuals, businesses, residents etc… Cities collect stats differently Cities collect stats differentlyLAChicago

18. Gangs Myths: Most gangs only commit property crime Most gangs only commit property crime 28 percent of gangs are involved in violent crime. 28 percent of gangs are involved in violent crime.

19. Gangs Extent of the gang problem: Gangs are everywhere Gangs are everywhere No state is gang free No state is gang free Very few large cities are gang free Very few large cities are gang free High rates in suburban areas High rates in suburban areas

20. Gang Membership Provides peer support adolescent  adulthood Gang results from a lower-class cultural reaction to the values or goals of the dominant society Provides the opportunity to attain goals (through illicit means) The gang provides self-esteem, economic opportunities, etc…

21. Individual Motivations for Gang Membership Identity and recognition: allows individuals to achieve a status in the gang (but not in society) Protection/Survival: fear they will become a victim to another gang Intimidation: through membership Fellowship & brotherhood: psychological support system

22. Types of Gangs HedonisticInstrumentalPredatory

23. Gangs Other Categories of Gangs: Traditional gang Traditional gang Nontraditional Nontraditional Compressed Compressed Collective Collective Specialty Specialty

24. Gangs Characteristics: Age: Around 9-12 years old Age: Around 9-12 years old All races/Ethnicity All races/Ethnicity Gender Gender Migration Migration Communication Communication

25. Problems Surrounding Female Membership A future of meaningless domestic labor with little possibility of escape Subordination to the man of the house Sole responsibility for children The powerlessness of underclass membership

26. Gangs Responses to: Community organization Community organization Opportunities provision Opportunities provision Organizational Change Organizational Change Social Intervention Social Intervention Suppression Suppression Spergel Model Spergel Model

27. Spergel Model The model involves developing a coordinated team approach to delivering services and solving problems Strategies involved include mobilization of community leaders and residents; use of outreach workers to engage juveniles in gangs; access to academic, economic, and social opportunities; and gang suppression activities.

28. Gangs Law Enforcement Efforts: GREAT Program (Gang Resistance Education and Training http://www.great-online.org/ http://www.great-online.org/ http://www.great-online.org/ Gang Resistance Education And Training (G.R.E.A.T.) is a gang and violence prevention program built around school-based, law enforcement officer-instructed classroom curricula. The program is intended as an immunization against delinquency, youth violence, and gang membership for children in the years immediately before the prime ages for introduction into gangs and delinquent behavior. Gang Resistance Education And Training (G.R.E.A.T.) is a gang and violence prevention program built around school-based, law enforcement officer-instructed classroom curricula. The program is intended as an immunization against delinquency, youth violence, and gang membership for children in the years immediately before the prime ages for introduction into gangs and delinquent behavior.

29. Questions ???????