1. Active Transport *Solutes flow against the concentration gradient. * The cell uses energy…. ATP. *Requires Transport Proteins Types of Active Transport are: 1.Ion Pumps a) Sodium/Potassium Pump 2.Exocytosis 3.Endocytosis a) Phagocytosis b)Pinocytosis c)Receptor-Mediated

2. Sodium-Potassium Pump Na+ and K+ ions use energy to be transported across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient 3 Na+ are pumped outside of the cell while 2 K+ are pumped inside.

3. Sodium Potassium Pump

4. Vesicular Transport Cells can use vesicles to transport large particles across the plasma membrane. Both exocytosis and endocytosis are types of vesicular transport.

5. (1) Exocytosis (exo = outside, Cyto = cell) moving substances outside the cell Process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their content to the outside of the cell.

6. (2) Endocytosis (endo = inside, cyto = cell) Capture of substances outside the cell when the plasma membrane merges to engulf it. ***There are three types of endocytosis 1. phagocytosis 2. pinocytosis 3. receptor-mediated

7. A. Phagocytosis (phago = to eat, cyto = cell) Phagocytosis occurs when large undissolved solids enter a cell. The plasma membrane wraps around the solid material and engulfs it, forming a vesicle. Phagocytic cells, such as white blood cells, attack and engulf bacteria in the manner.

8. Pinocytosis (pino = to drink, cyto = cell) Pinocytosis occurs when dissolved materials enter a cell. The plasma membrane folds inward to form a channel allowing the liquid to enter. The plasma membrane closes off the channel, encircling the liquid inside a vesicle. Oils enter cells through pinocytosis

9. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Occurs when specific molecules bind to specialized “receptors” (proteins) in the plasma membrane. The membrane, the receptors, and the specific molecules, called ligands, fold inward forming vesicles. Hormones target special “target cells” by receptor-mediated endocytosis. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knJQzBm qOZw

10. MoleculeMode of Transportation O2O2 Simple Diffusion CO 2 Simple Diffusion H2OH2OOsmosis Glucose (C 6 H 1 2 O 2 )Facilitated Diffusion Na+/K+Sodium-Potassium Pump Large Solids (starch, bacteria) Phagocytosis Large Liquids (oils)Pinocytosis HormonesReceptor-Mediated Summary