1. Laparoscopic surgery Meaning of Laparoscopy Laparoscopy is minimally invasive technique for viewing the internal structure of the abdominal cavity. The procedure involves distention of abdominal cavity with gas and then using a rigid telescope (laparoscope) placed through a portal positional into the abdominal wall to examine the contents of the peritoneal cavity. Once the telescope is in the place either biopsy forceps or an assortment of surgical instruments can be introduced into abdominal through adjacent ports to perform various diagnostic surgical procedures.

2. Laparoscopic surgery A laparoscope connected to a video camera is inserted into abdominal cavity and the surgical field is visualized on high resolution video monitors in the operating room. Long thin surgical instruments are inserted through the other small incision and the surgeon performs the surgery by watching the video monitor. A new type of surgery that decreases the size of incision used by surgeons causes less pain and speed recovery compared to traditional techniques. Laparoscopy a minimally invasive approach to surgery of the abdomen accomplishes traditional surgical while delivering less pain faster recovery. Laparoscopy typically entails three incisions of 5 to 10 millimeters just large enough to admit the passage of the surgeon light a tiny video camera, and precision crafted surgical instrument without trauma of a long incision both pain and healing time are greatly reduced.

3. a- Monitor. b- CO­ 2 insufflators. c- DVD recorder. d-Video laparoscope. e- Light source. f- Suction device. g-Laparoscopic trolley. h- gas cylinder.

4. CO­2 insufflators

5. Video laparoscope

6. Light source

7. The Suction device

8. The light cable

9. Laparoscopic surgery

10. needle holder Dolphin nose shape forceps trocar and canula veress needle scissors clips applicator

11. clips

12. The electrocautery of laparoscopic surgery

13. Insertion of veress needle

14. Insertion of trocar-cannula into the abdominal cavity

15. Laparoscopic surgery

16. Advantages of Laparoscopy 1-Lees need for post operative care. 2-Non-invasve nature caused in part by the small incision. 3-Rapidity performed with the necessary technical skill. 4-Quick return to function. Disadvantages of laparoscopy 1-The amount and expense of necessary instrumentation. 2-The skill level needed to perform the procedures well. 3-The video image created on the monitor is two dimensional (without depth). 4-The camera is often directed by an assistant therefore need at least other person. 5-The body wall and laparoscopic ports act as a fulcrum, stopping free movement of the instrument. 6-The instruments restrict the sense of touch.

17. Using of Laparoscopy The most common indication for laparoscopy is to examine and biopsy the abdominal organs or masses. Laparoscopy is also a means of performing various surgical procedures. Laparoscopy may not completely replace abdominal exploratory surgery but it can provide a minimally invasive means of accomplishing a number of diagnostic and surgical procedures in small animals. Diagnostic laparoscopy is commonly used as a method for obtaining liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen and intestinal biopsies. It is generally accepted that laparoscopy provides better liver biopsy tissues than other traditional methods. Laparoscopy is also used in oncology to diagnosis.