1. Types of Fashion and Trends Back to Table of Contents

2. Types of Fashion and Trends 2 Chapter 5 Types of Fashion and Trends Types of Fashion The Fashion Cycle

3. Types of Fashion and Trends 3 Chapter Objectives Identify the types of fashion products. Explain the main categories of fashion apparel. Identify the classifications of fashion apparel categories. Explain the fashion cycle. Discuss the role of fashion leaders. Identify the different theories of fashion movement. Discuss the difference between fashion trends and fads.

4. Types of Fashion and Trends 4 Types of Fashion Products Manufacturers make a variety of lines. lines groups of styles and designs produced and sold as a set of related products for a given season Section 5.1

5. Types of Fashion and Trends 5 Types of Fashion Products The two main types of product lines are hardlines and softlines. hardlines lines of products that are non-textile, such as small and large appliances, home accessories, and items not made of fabric Section 5.1 softlines lines of products made from textiles that include apparel and household items such as towels, table linens, and bedding

6. Types of Fashion and Trends 6 Types of Apparel Apparel is categorized by groups—women’s wear, men’s wear, and infants’ and children’s wear. apparel term used for clothing, as in personal attire or garments Section 5.1 Apparel producers designate a certain product number to represent each style of apparel.

7. Types of Fashion and Trends 7 Types of Accessories Producers present accessories in two seasonal lines each year. accessories fashion items that are added to complete or enhance outfits Section 5.1 Most accessories are softlines. All accessories are categorized with soft goods.

8. Types of Fashion and Trends 8 Home Furnishings Fashion trends in the home furnishings industry move at a slower pace than those in the apparel industry. home furnishings the fashion category that includes textiles used to furnish and decorate the home, such as towels, linens, and bedding Section 5.1

9. Home Furnishings Section 5.1 Categories of Home Furnishings Domestics Home Furnishings Floor Coverings Bed linens Bathroom items Table and kitchen linens Window treatments Upholstery furniture Throw pillows Carpeting Rugs Non-fabric floor tiles Many apparel designers also produce home furnishing lines. 9

10. Types of Fashion and Trends 10 Categories and Classifications in Apparel The women’s wear category represents the largest share of the apparel industry. The industry manufactures new lines for five different seasons each year. The retail life of a line is approximately ten weeks. Section 5.1

11. Categories and Classifications in Apparel Section 5.1 Women’s Size Ranges MissesPetite Women’sJuniors Sportswear separates Dresses Evening and bridal Maternity Outerwear Suits Active wear Swimwear/beachwear Intimate apparel Accessories Footwear Miscellaneous apparel Women’s Apparel Classifications 11

12. Types of Fashion and Trends 12 Women’s Wear Sportswear (tops, bottoms, sports attire for tennis, golf, etc.) Dresses (one or two-piece, from casual to dressy) Evening and bridal (cocktail dresses, wedding gowns, other dressy/formal attire) Maternity (for pregnant women from casual to dressy) Outerwear (coats, rainwear) Suits (indoor jackets with pants or skirts) Active wear (dancewear, jogging suits) Swimwear/beachwear Intimate apparel (foundations, lingerie, sleepwear, loungewear) Accessories (scarves, gloves, handbags, belts, hats, jewelry, etc.) Footwear (any shoes, boots, etc.) Misc. Apparel (uniforms, aprons, smocks, etc.)

13. Types of Fashion and Trends 13 Categories and Classifications in Apparel Fashion marketers present new lines of men’s apparel twice a year. The fall/winter lines are the most important, followed by the spring/summer lines. Different seasons determine fabric weight. Men’s sportswear apparel makers show new sportswear lines four times a year. Section 5.1

14. Categories and Classifications in Apparel Section 5.1 Tailored apparel Furnishings Sportswear Miscellaneous apparel Heavy outerwear Work clothing Footwear Men’s Apparel Classifications 14

15. Types of Fashion and Trends 15 Men’s Wear Tailored Apparel (suits, overcoats, sports coats, dress trousers) Furnishings (dress shirts, neckwear, underwear, hats, socks, sleepwear, robes) Sportswear (sports shirts, knot shirts, sweaters, shorts, slacks, exercise wear, swim trunks) Heavy outerwear (parkas, ski pants, jackets) Work Clothing (coveralls, scrubs, etc.) Footwear Miscellaneous apparel (rainwear, uniforms, caps)

16. Types of Fashion and Trends 16 Categories and Classifications in Apparel There are three main production seasons for manufacturers of children’s apparel: Section 5.1 Pre-Fall Spring/Summer Winter/Holiday

17. Types of Fashion and Trends 17 Categories and Classifications in Apparel Licensing of children’s apparel is big business. Children love to wear clothes/pajamas/underwear with their favorite character(s) on them. Safety trends affect the production of children’s wear. Growth features are also important because small children will tend to grow out of their clothes before they wear out. Section 5.1

18. Categories and Classifications in Apparel Section 5.1 Infants’ and Children’s Wear Classifications Infant – usually sized by month Toddler – sized with a T after the number Young children – sizes 2-6X Girls – sizes 6-14 Boys – sizes 6-20 (may have slim and husky versions) 18

19. Types of Fashion and Trends 19 Variety of Fashion Categories and classifications of fashion products allow producers and retailers to more efficiently make, market, and sell fashion to consumers. Section 5.1

20. Types of Fashion and Trends 20 What are the three main merchandise categories of apparel? What are the size classifications for women’s clothing? How is children’s clothing classified? 1. 2. 3. Section 5.1 5.1

21. Types of Fashion and Trends 21 Changing Fashions The consumer dictates the fashions that are produced. Producers must be able to respond to the ever- changing movement of demand. Section 5.2

22. Types of Fashion and Trends 22 The Fashion Cycle To better understand the different phases of the fashion cycle, it is important to understand style, acceptance, and timeliness of fashions. Section 5.2 fashion cycle the period of time or life span during which the fashion exists, moving through stages, from introduction through obsolescence

23. Types of Fashion and Trends 23 The Fashion Cycle Not only does a design go through phases during its cycle of existence, but special features, such as color, texture, and fabric, also go through fashion cycles. Section 5.2

24. The Fashion Cycle – The Fashion Acceptance Curve is shaped like a bell or mountain. Section 5.2 Peak Rise Introduction Decline Obsolescence Acceptance Time The length of time that a particular fashion remains in any of the stages of the life cycle depends on the consumer’s willingness to accept the fashion. 1 2 3 4 5 24

25. Types of Fashion and Trends 25 Fashion Movement There are many factors that can affect fashion movement. Section 5.2 fashion movement the ongoing motion of fashion moving through the fashion cycle Economic and social New fibers and fabrics Advertising techniques

26. Types of Fashion and Trends 26 Fashion Movement Fashion leaders start the upward climb of the fashion cycle. Section 5.2 fashion leaders trendsetters, or individuals who are the first to wear new styles, after which the fashion is adopted by the general public Media celebrities often set the fashion cycles in motion.

27. Types of Fashion and Trends 27 Fashion Movement Three theories of fashion movement identify the starting point of a fashion trend: Section 5.2 fashion trend the direction of the movement of fashion that is accepted in the marketplace Trickle-Down Theory Trickle-Up Theory Trickle-Across Theory

28. Types of Fashion and Trends 28 Fashion Movement The trickle-down theory is the oldest and most accepted theory of fashion change. Section 5.2 trickle-down theory a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts at the top with consumers of higher socioeconomic status As more people begin to wear popular fashions, those at the top become less interested and begin to look for something new.

29. Types of Fashion and Trends 29 Fashion Movement The trickle-up theory is the opposite of the trickle-down theory. Section 5.2 trickle-up theory a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts with consumers on lower-income levels and then moves to consumers with higher incomes Examples include: Athletic apparel style Hair styles Punk style Urban/hip-hop style

30. Types of Fashion and Trends 30 Fashion Movement The trickle-across theory is especially probable in the 21 st century because technology allows designer fashion to be copied quickly and easily. Section 5.2 trickle-across theory a hypothesis stating that fashion acceptance begins among several socioeconomic classes at the same time

31. Fashion Movement Section 5.2 Consumers with high socioeconmic status Trend General public Trend Consumers with higher incomes Consumers with lower incomes Trend Acceptance comes from several groups at the same time Trickle-Down Theory Trickle-Up Theory Trickle-Across Theory 31

32. Types of Fashion and Trends 32 Fashion Trends (Classics) vs. Fads A fad can be recognized by its sudden appearance and disappearance. Section 5.2 fad a fashion that is popular for a very short time However, a trend or classic can be a fad that has stood the test of time.

33. Types of Fashion and Trends 33 Changing Fashions The flux of consumer approval creates trends and fads—and keeps the fashion industry an exciting and dynamic business. Section 5.2

34. Types of Fashion and Trends 34 Operating an e-tail business on an electronic channel—the Web—can be costly, due to design, delivery, returns, and operating expenses. Though Many larger dot-com companies crashed in the 1990’s, small stores like Harris Cyclery of West Newton, Massachusetts, actually increase sales using a basic Web site. Today, a third of Harris’s bicycle business rides in on the Web to get hard-to-find parts and personal service. Describe an e-business’s home page to your class after viewing one through marketingseries.glencoe.com.marketingseries.glencoe.com Online newsletters are a great way to keep up-to-date on the latest fashion news and trends. Subscribers can receive updates from favorite fashion houses. What’s Hot, What’s Not When subscribers enroll, they give information about themselves and permission to receive product updates. With this information, the newsletter producers develop subscriber mailing lists that provide marketers access to specific demographic groups. Section 5.2 For more information, go to marketingseries.glencoe.com.marketingseries.glencoe.com 34

35. Types of Fashion and Trends 35 What are the five stages of the fashion cycle? What are three theories of how fashions become popular? What is the difference between a fashion trend and a fashion fad? 1. 2. 3. Section 5.2 5.2

36. Types of Fashion and Trends 36 1.Name the main types of product lines. The main product lines are hardlines, such as non-textile home accessories, and softlines, such as textile items such as apparel and linens. 1.Categories of fashion apparel include women’s wear, men’s wear, infants’ wear, and children’s wear. 2.They designate a certain number to represent each style of apparel. 3.Types of fashion accessories include items such as footwear, handbags, headwear, scarves, neckties, jewelry, gloves, and hosiery. 4. continued Checking Concepts 2.Identify the categories of fashion apparel. 3.Identify how retailers designate each style of apparel. 4.List types of fashion accessories.

37. Types of Fashion and Trends 37 5.Explain the rise stage of the fashion cycle. During the rise stage, fashions become accepted by more people because they can afford them. Mass production reduces the price of the fashion so more sales occur. 5.Fashion leaders are trendsetters, or individuals who are the first to wear new styles, after which the fashion is adopted by the public. 6.The trickle-down theory is a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts at the top with consumers of higher socio- economic status. 7. continued Checking Concepts 6.Define the term fashion leaders. 7.Explain the trickle-down theory of fashion movement.

38. Types of Fashion and Trends 38 Critical Thinking Checking Concepts 8.Discuss how a fashion fad might become a fashion trend. A trend can be a fad that has stood the test of time. 8.

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