1. Useful phrases/words: referring to literature Heeyeul Kwon November 25 th, 2014 English Seminar Technology Management Lab Department of Industrial Engineering Seoul National University

2. General descriptions of the relevant literature A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies … “considerable” can be substituted by great, large, huge, significant, ample, substantial There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of … In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on … A large and growing body of literature has investigated … 1/5

3. Reference to previous research activity 2/5 SubjectVerb Many historians Numerous studies Recent evidences Several attempts Previous research findings A number of studies Extent research Prior studies have argued have attempted have suggested have shown have been made to have revealed have been carried out on have identified have reported have found have examined have indicated that … It has been suggested has conclusively been shown has been demonstrated that …

4. Reference to single study in the past 3/5 CaseSubjectVerb Preliminary work on X The first systemic study of X The study of X Analysis of X A recent study of X A small scale study of X Analysis of X A longitudinal study of X Detailed examination of X was undertaken by was reported by was first carried out by involved reported that showed that found that investigated that Study prominent Research topic as subject X was first demonstrated experimentally through... X was first reported … X formed the central focus of a study in which … X was studied extensively by … To determine the effects of X, a study was conducted …

5. Reference to specific investigation in the past (1/2) 4/5 Verb The impacts of … The data of … The literature from … The effects of … A series of experiments of … A number of investigations … A series of trials in which … were investigated were analyzed were reviewed were studied were performed were carried out were conducted were measured were labelled were examined were used

6. Reference to specific investigation in the past (2/2) 5/5 Verb The major causes of … Three reasons why … The developments of X … In-depth analyses of the work of … Evidences based strategy as … A need to break the link between … The challenges for promoting … The special situations of X as an example of … Whether X are the best environment for … The explanatory theories for … were identified were listed were traced were provided were defined were highlighted were discussed were mentioned were considered were offered were proposed were suggested The fact that X is … were pointed out were argued were maintained were claimed were concluded were suggested