1. The Reproductive System

2. Male Vocab Scrotum Testicles Epididymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper's Gland
Urethra
Penis

3. Male Reproduction

4. The average man produces 100 million sperm per ejaculation?
Did you know?
The average man produces 100 million sperm per ejaculation?
Fewer than 20 million could mean infertility issues.

5. Scrotum: A pouch of skin that hangs from the base of the penis
Scrotum: A pouch of skin that hangs from the base of the penis. It holds the testicles at 2 to 3 degrees below normal body temperature. (Yes, the scrotum does shrink when it’s cold and during sexual arousal.)
Testicles: Where sperm production takes place. The maturation process takes about 65 to 75 days.

6. Epididymis: Where the sperm become motile (learn to swim) and get pushed out by contractions into the vas deferens. Sperm can sit around and wait here for their number to be called as long as a month.
Vas Deferens: Tubes (about 18 inches long) through which sperm is stored (sometimes for months) and is propelled

7. Seminal Vesicles: Glands that secrete a fluid that is alkaline to neutralize the natural acidic environment of the male urethra and the vagina. It also contains fructose to nourish the sperm on their journey. Seminal fluid makes up about 60 percent of semen.

8. Prostate Gland: Golf-ball shaped gland that adds additional fluid and enzymes to semen. This fluid gives semen its milky color and makes up about 25% of semen.
Cowper’s Glands: These pea sized glands secrete drops of clear alkaline fluid during sexual arousal. They also secrete mucus to lubricate the urethra and end of the penis.
Prostate
Bulbourethral Glands

9. Urethra: Passageway for both urine and semen
Urethra: Passageway for both urine and semen. When a man is ready to ejaculate, a sphincter muscle at the base of the bladder closes
Penis: external male sexual organ

10. More to Know
Testicular Cancer: Rare, but the most common cancer in males between 15 and 35 years old. It is important to do a testicular self-exam once a month. Testicular cancer is not common; a man’s lifetime chance of getting it is about 1 in 263. The risk of dying from this cancer is about 1 in 5,000.
Vasectomy: A common sterilization procedure when couples are sure they don’t want any more children.

11. Possible Problems
Epididymitis: Inflammation and infection of the epididymis. Usually caused by an STD.
Torsion: An emergency condition that causes loss of blood flow to the testicles that requires urgent surgical treatment. This occurs when a testicle twists on the spermatic cord. It’s uncommon and affects only about 1 in 4,000 young men. Torsion is most common in adolescent males.

12. Female Anatomy Ovaries Ovulation Fallopian tubes Uterus Endometrium
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva

15. Did you know?
At birth, girls have between 200,000 and 2 million ova. Only 40,000 remain at puberty, and only about 400 will mature and ovulate during a woman’s reproductive lifetime.

16. Ovaries: Two almond-shaped glands that store and mature ova (eggs)
Ovulation: The time each month when a mature ovum is released from the ovary.
Fallopian tubes: Also called uterine tubes or oviducts. The ovum travels through these tubes to get to the uterus. This is also where a successful sperm meets the egg. It takes about seven days until a fertilized ovum reaches the uterus.

18. Uterus: Shaped like an upside-down pear, the uterus is a muscular organ that is part of the sperm’s journey to the ovum and the place where the zygote attaches and develops. Also called the womb.
Endometrium: The inner lining of the uterus, which has two layers. One layer is permanent. The other gets shed during menstruation.
Cervix: The opening from the vagina into the uterus.

19. Vagina: A passageway for semen, menstrual flow, and childbirth
Vagina: A passageway for semen, menstrual flow, and childbirth. It is about 4 inches long and lined with mucus membranes.
Vulva: External female genitalia, including the mons pubis, clitoris (female erectile tissue), labia majora and labia minora.

20. Female Health Issues
Ectopic pregnancy: Sometimes conception occurs and the zygote (fertilized ovum) attaches in the tube instead of traveling to the uterus. This is very dangerous and is a high risk for women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Scarring of different reproductive parts. Caused by bacteria, usually STD bacteria. Could cause infertility if not caught early.

21. Continued….
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: POS. Cysts can develop on the ovaries. While these are not usually life-threatening, they sometimes have to be removed.
Cervical Cancer: most common cancer in women worldwide but in the US, numbers are low because of routine screening, Pap Test. Most of the time caused by HPV, an STD.

22. Endometriosis: A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.
Toxic Shock Syndrome: A condition where a girl may experience fever, low blood pressure, dizziness, fainting, and rash. Without treatment, it can be fatal. Associated with leaving tampons in too long and not washing hands carefully before inserting tampons.

23. Continued…..
Yeast Infections: Common organism in both men and women. However infections are most common in women. Symptoms include white discharge that looks like cottage cheese and itching inside the vagina and on the vulva outside. Can be treated with over the counter meds but should see a doctor 1st if it’s the first time.

24. Breast Cancer: About 1 in 8 U. S
Breast Cancer: About 1 in 8 U.S. women (about 12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. Most significant risks include being female and getting older. However, now is the time to practice self exams.
Ovarian Cancer: Chances of getting it is small. Most likely happens after menopause. Hard to detect so when it’s finally identified cancer has spread. A new known cause of this cancer: talc (baby) powder. Don’t use.

25. Men and women
Urinary Tract Infections: Bacteria cause the vast majority of UTIs. Fungi or viruses can also cause UTIs.
More common in women but men are not exempt.
Symptoms include:
-burning with urination
-increased frequency of urination with scant amounts of urine being passed
-bloody urine
-cloudy urine
-urine that looks like cola or tea
-strong odor to urine
-pelvic pain (women)
-rectal pain (men)

26. Avoiding UTIs Empty your bladder frequently and completely
Wipe from front to back
Drink lots of water
Choose showers over baths
Stay away from feminine hygiene sprays, scented douches, and scented bath products -- they'll only increase irritation
Cleanse your genital area before sex
Urinate after sex to flush away any bacteria that may have entered your urethra
Keep your genital area dry by wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes