1. The Blood 1

2. 2 Blood Volume varies with body size changes in fluid concentration changes in electrolyte concentration amount of adipose tissue about 8% of body weight about 5 liters

3. 3 Characteristics of Erythrocytes Also known as Red Blood Cells (RBC) biconcave discs (depression on both sides) one-third hemoglobin (Hemoglobin carries oxygen that makes blood bright red) Survive approximately 120 days

4. 4 Leukocytes Also known as White Blood Cells (WBC) protect against disease Neutrophils – first to arrive at infections. Elevated in bacterial infections. Eosinophils – Moderate allergic reactions Defend against parasitic worm infestations

5. 5 Leukocytes (continued) Basophils - release histamine release heparin (blood thinning agent) Monocytes – Largest blood cell Phagocytize (engulf and destroy) bacteria, dead cells and other debris.

6. 6 Leukocytes and Disease Lymphocytes - slightly larger than RBC B cells produce antibodies T-Cells are attacked by the HIV

7. 7 Blood Composition Platelets – also known as thrombocytes cell fragments that are essential for blood clotting

8. 8 Blood Plasma straw colored liquid portion of blood 55% of blood 92% water

9. 9 Platelet Plug Formation (Clotting)

10. 10 Blood Coagulation Coagulation hemostatic mechanism causes the formation of a blot clot via a series of reactions which activates the next in a cascade

11. 11 Antigens and Antibodies Antigens – a chemical that stimulates cells to produce antibodies Antibodies – a protein that reacts against a specific antigen

12. 12 Antigens and Antibodies

13. 13 ABO Blood Group Based on the presence or absence of two major antigens on red blood cell membranes antigen A antigen B

14. 14 ABO Blood Group

15. 15 Blood Types for Transfusion

16. 16 Rh Blood Group Rh positive – presence of antigen D or and other Rh antigens on the red blood cell membranes Rh negative – lack of these antigens

17. 17 Rh Blood Group