1. The Pharyngeal Apparatus
– face, nasal cavities, mouth
陳建榮

4. 4 pairs pharyngeal arches

5. Pharyngeal arch: component
External : pharyngeal groove
Internal : pharyngeal cleft (pouch)
arch
groove
Neural crest cell  mesenchyme in the head and neck

6. Day 32
Day 33
Day 41

7. Pharyngeal arch cartilage

8. 1st pharyngeal arch Maxillary prominence
Maxillary, zygomatid, squamous part of temporal bone
Mandibular prominence
Madibular bone, malleus, incus

9. Cartilaginous rod

10. 鼓舌軟骨
莖狀舌骨
上舌骨
角舌骨
甲狀軟骨
基舌骨

11. Aortic arch vessels

12. Muscular component of pharyngeal arch

14. Nerve:
special visceral afferent nerves of cranial nerves

16. Pharyngeal pouch咽囊 5 wk 6 wk 耳咽隱窩 pharynx
Ultimopharyngeal body  parafollicular cell
終咽體

17. Pharyngeal pouch 7 wk Pharyngotympanic tube Palatine tonsil
Tubotympanic recess
Pharyngotympanic tube
Auditory tube
Tympanic cavity
Mastoid antrum
Superior parathyroid gland
Inferior parathyroid gland
Thymus
Ultimopharyngeal body

18. 終咽體

19. Pharyngeal groove: Pharyngeal membrane:
1st pharyngeal groove  external acoustic meatus
2nd pharyngeal groove  cervical sinus
-> external branchial sinus外鰓竇or brachial fistula鰓瘻管
Pharyngeal membrane:
1st pharyngeal membrane  tympanic membrane

20. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管

21. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管
內鰓竇
外鰓竇

22. Branchial cyst鰓囊腫

23. Branchial cyst鰓囊腫

24. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管

25. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管

26. Branchial vestiges鰓遺跡

27. Development of the thyroid gland
4 wk
甲狀腺憩室
5 wk
甲狀腺舌管

28. 6 wk
adult

31. Thyroglossal duct cyst甲狀腺舌管囊腫:
Anomalies during descent of the developing thyroid gland

32. Thyroglossal duct cyst甲狀腺舌管囊腫

33. Ectopic thyroid gland 異位性的甲狀腺

34. Development of Tongue
Tongue bud
distal
咽下隆突

35. 舌芽
咽下隆突

36. Development of Tongue

37. Microglossia 小舌畸形

38. Macroglossia巨舌畸形

39. Glossoschisis 舌分裂

40. Papillae and taste buds
Lingual papillae – 8th wk
Filiform papillae
Foliate papillae
Fungiform papillae
Circumvallate papillae
Taste bud 味蕾– 11th -13th wk
- induced by the epithelial cells of the tongue & gustatory nerve cells (chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves)
- on dorsal surface (most), palatoglossal arches, palate, post. surface of the epiglottis, post. wall of the oropharynx

41. Nerve supply of tongue Sensory: Motor:
ant. 2/3 to mucosa – trigeminal nerve (CN V- 1st pharyngeal arch)
ant. 2/3 to taste buds – facial n. (CN VII, 2nd pharyngeal arch)
post. 1/3 - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX, 3rd pharyngeal arch)
(CN X, 4th pharyngeal arch, anterior to the epiglottis)
Motor:
All muscles except palatoglossus – hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

43. Development of Salivary gland
6-7 wks, from the primordial oral cavity

44. 5 facial primordia臉原基 Development of face: 1st pharyngeal arch
4-8 wks, human appearance
5 facial primordia臉原基
single frontonasal prominence (FNP)
forehead
rostral boundary of the stomodeum,
primordial mouth, nose
paired maxillary prominences
upper cheek & most of the upper lip
paired mandibular prominences
chin, lower lip, lower cheek

45. Development of face:
4-8 wks, human appearance
5 facial primordia

46. Development of face:
Nasal lacrimal duct

47. Development of Nasal cavity
Nasal plate

48. Development of Nasal cavity
Medial nasal prominences
Lateral nasal prominences
Nasal pit

50. Nasal septum
Primary palate:
philtrum

54. Carnegie 22

55. Development of Nasal cavity
28 day

56. Development of Nasal cavity
5 wk
6 wk

57. Development of Nasal cavity
7 wk
12 wk

58. Development of Nasal cavity: Vomeronasal organ (VNO)
鋤鼻器

59. Development of Palate

60. Development of Palate: Primary palate
Palatogenesis:6-9 wks

61. Development of Palate: Primary palate

62. Development of Palate: Secondary palate
The end of 6 wk

63. Development of Palate: Secondary palate
唇齦板
The roof of the mouth

64. Development of Palate
9-12 wks : fused

66. Normal
Cleft palate

67. Carnegie stage 22
Cleft palate

68. Cleft lip

69. Normal
Cleft lip
Unilateral cleft lip
Bilateral cleft lip

70. Cleft lip

71. Cleft lip

72. Normal
Cleft lip & cleft palate

73. Unilateral cleft lip and palate

74. Bilateral cleft lip and palate

75. Unilateral cleft lip and palate
Bilateral cleft lip and palate

76. Facial clefts顏面裂 Bilateral oblique facial clefts with
Median cleft of the upper lip
Bilateral oblique facial clefts with
complete bilateral cleft lip
Median cleft of the lower lip
Macrostomia
Bifid nose and incomplete
median cleft lip
Single nostril and microstomia

77. 阿塔卡馬人形